304 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



than S. viminalis, more than S. purpurea. Shoots 9 feet long, for 

 hoops and white basket-work, being pliant and durable. The bark 

 contains a good deal of salicin. For basket-purposes 20,000 to 

 30,000 cuttings can be planted on an acre, and 2,000 to 3,000 can 

 be planted in a day by an expert ; the second year's crop is already 

 of considerable value, at 5 years it comes to its prime, the planta- 

 tion holding good for 15 to 25 years. The rods for baskets 

 should be cut so soon as the leaves are fallen. The annual value of 

 a crop of basket-willows is in England from 25 to <35 per acre 

 (Scaling). S. lanceolata (Smith) is a hybrid between S. triandra 

 and S. viminalis, according to Anderson. 



Salix viminalis, Linne.* 



The common Osier of Europe and North and West Asia ; attains 

 the height of 30 feet. The best of basket-willows for banks subject 

 to occasional inundations. It is a vigorous grower, very hardy, 

 likes to be fed by deposits of floods or by irrigation, and disposes 

 readily of sewage (Scaling). One of the best for wicker-work and 

 hoops ; when cut it shoots up to a length of 1 2 feet. It would lead 

 too far to enumerate even all the more important Willows on this 

 occasion. Professor Anderson, of Stockholm, admits 158 species. 

 Besides these, numerous hybrids exist. Many of the taller of these 

 Willows could be grown to advantage. 



Salpichroma rhomboidea, Miers. 



Extra-tropical South America, as far south as Magellan's Straits. 

 A half-shrub, with good-sized berries of vinous taste (Lorentz). 



Salvia Matico, Grisebach. 



Sub- Alpine Argentina. An important medicinal herb. 



Salvia officinalis, Linne. 



The Garden Sage. Countries on the Mediterranean Sea. A some- 

 what shrubby plant of medicinal value, pervaded by essential oil. 

 Prefers calcareous soil. Among nearly half a thousand species of 

 this genus some are gorgeously ornamental. 



Sambucus Australis, Chamisso and Schlechtendal. 



Southern Brazil and La Plata States. Resembles the ordinary 

 Elder, and is locally used for tall hedges (Dr. Lorentz.) 



Sambucus Canadensis, Linne. 



North-East America. The berries of this half -woody Elder are 

 used, as well as those of Phytolacca decandra, for colouring vinous 

 liquids. Dr. Gibbons observes, that this species is recognized in 

 the United States Pharmacopoeia, and that the Californian species 

 (S. glauca and S. racemosa) possess similar medicinal properties. 



