344 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



Ulmus campestris, Limie.* 



The ordinary Elm, indigenous to South Europe and temperate Asia r 

 as far east as Japan. Several marked varieties, such as the Cork 

 Elm and Wych Elm, exist. The Elm in attaining an age of 

 several centuries becomes finally of enormous size. In Britain 

 much attacked by Scolytus destructor. The wood is tough, hard, 

 fine-grained, and remarkably durable, if constantly under water. 

 Next to the Yew, it is the best of European woods, where great 

 elasticity is required, as for archery bows. It is also used for 

 keels, blocks, wheels, piles, pumps, gun-carriages, gunwales, various 

 tools, etc. Wych Elm is preferred for bending purposes (Eassie). 

 The bast is tough. 



Ulmus crassifolia, Nuttal. 



The evergreen Elm of Mexico, Arkansas and Texas. 



Ulmus fulva, Michaux. 



The Slippery or Red Elm of North America. 60 feet high. 

 Splendid for street-planting (Vasey). There is a pendant branched 

 variety. Wood red, tenacious. Useful for wagon hubs and wheels 

 (Yasey). Regarded as the best North American wood for blocks 

 of rigging, according to Simmonds. The leaves seem available for 

 food of the silkmoth ; the bark is employed in medicine. 



Ulmus Mexicana, Planchon. 



Cordilleras of North America. This Elm attains a height of 60 

 feet or perhaps more. Many of these Elms are available as quick- 

 growing avenue trees for shade-lines. 



Ulmus parvifolia, Jacquin. 



The evergreen Elm of China, Japan and Queensland. A similar 

 tree is found on the Himalaya mountains. 



Ulmus pedunculata, Fougeraux. (U. ciliata, Ehrhart.) 



Europe and Asia, through their middle zone. A fine avenue-tree. 



Ulmus racemosa, Thomas.* 



The Cork Elm of North America, also called Western Rock Elm. 

 Wood as valuable as that of U. Americana, but much heavier. It 

 is fine-grained and compact, tough, flexible, not liable to split, holds 

 bolts better than most timber, extremely durable when constantly 

 wet ; deserves unqualified praise as a furniture wood for hardness, 

 strength, beauty, and buff-reddish tint ; largely employed for piles, 

 pumps, naves, tackle blocks, keels, heavy agricultural implements, 

 such as mowing and threshing machines, ploughs, gunwales (Robb, 

 Sargent). 



