30 



manure is incorporated with it ; the plants should be nine 



inches apart in the rows, and the rows one foot from each 

 other. Frequent hoeings are necessary to keep down weeds, 

 and are also beneficial to the plants in the summer. 



Fif'o/e/5, single and double. The only single variety 

 grown in quantity here for outdoor flowering is the old single 

 Russian Violet. This is hardy, flowers early and continues all 

 through the autumn and winter whenever a few mild days 

 occur ; the larger varieties such as Princess of Wales, The 

 Czar, Victoria Regina, and others, are not hardy enough so 

 far north to be satisfactory. In a mild winter they flower a 

 little in sheltered places, in severe winters the foliage is all 

 killed, and the plants are much weakened in consequence. 

 Of the double kinds only one is grown for outdoor flowering, 

 viz., Lady Hume Campbell. This does remarkably well in a 

 large bed containing about five hundred plants, which is 

 sheltered by the overhanging boughs of a Cedar of Lebanon, 

 a situation in which many plants would fail to thrive ; it may 

 be mentioned in passing that Ten-week Stocks do well in 

 this bed in summer. All the violets are propagated in the 

 same manner, the plants are broken to pieces as soon as they 

 finish flowering, and are planted on cool borders for the 

 summer, six inches between the plants and nine inches 

 between the rows ; a north aspect behind a wall or building 

 is best for them ; they will also do fairly well among rows of 

 Raspberries or Peas, if these run from north to south, as they 

 get partially shaded from the sun during the greater part of 

 the day. In hot, dry weather they will need a good water- 

 ing every evening. This needs close attention or red spider 



