CONTENTS. xv 



COINAGE AND CURRENCY. 



PACE 



Scarcity of silver Description of silver and copper coinage, white metal 

 tokens, and notes Almost exclusive use of bank and Treasury notes 

 Calling in older issues Use up country Large issue of copper in 

 1829 Depreciation of the milreis The currency on the Amazons ... 301 



THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF BRAZIL. 



A theoretical Budget Classification of the Budgets of the empire from 

 its foundation, 1823-1883, with deficits and explanations Expenses 

 of colonization and public works Foreign and home debt of 

 ^56,000,000 Extravagance and bad management Increasing cost 

 of officials The administration considered, with suggestions as to 

 reforms Future of the empire Outlook for investors ... ... 304 



Table showing realized loans .. ... ... ... ... 312 



Postscript The Budget of 1885-1886 ... ... ... ... 313 



Report of the Finance Minister, 1885 ... ... ... ... 314 



APPENDIX II. 



A SEVERE WINTER IN MINAS GERAES. 



The winter of 1870 Mean temperature of the table-lands Extreme cold 

 in Minas No abnormal temperature elsewhere Destruction of 

 plantations, fish, and forests Streams frozen Deaths from cold 

 Explanation of the phenomena ... ... ... ... 316 



HAIL, STORMS, RAIN, AND MISTS. 



Falls of hail Large hailstones Lightning Storms diminish in frequency 

 towards the equator Mists constant on the great rivers Variation 

 of the flora on river-banks from that of campos ... ... ... 319 



METEOROLOGICAL NOTES IN MINAS GERAES. 



Minimum and maximum thermometers Barometrical readings Remarks 



on the weather ... ... ... ... ... ... 322 



METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT BOTAFOGO. 

 Rio de Janeiro ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 341 



SHORT NOTES ON ANIMALS, BIRDS, AND REPTILES. 



Monkeys Marmosets Bats Blood-sucking and fruit-eating habits of 

 vampires Capybara Paca Coati Ounces Indian etymology 

 Several species Ocelot Lobo, or wolf Wolf-fruit tree Edentate? 

 Ant-caters Armadillos, genera, species, habitats, etc. Sloths 



