234 A YEAR IN BRAZIL. 



inscription : " The mortal remains of Estacio de Sa, ex- 

 humed from this sepulchre November i6th, 1862, restored 

 to it January 20, 1863." 



The French, however, were not prepared to give up all 

 thoughts of gaining a foothold at Rio, for in August, 1710, 

 an expedition of five ships and a thousand men tried to 

 enter the bay ; but being repelled, they landed at Guara- 

 tyba, marched on the city, and arrived at the palace of the 

 Governor in the Rua Direita, in the centre of the town. 

 Again repulsed, they entrenched themselves in a ware- 

 house, which was bombarded, and the French compelled 

 to yield as prisoners of war on September 19. Their 

 leader was murdered by two cloaked assassins, March 18, 

 17 1 1. On the news reaching France, the celebrated 

 general, Duguay-Trouin, was sent to avenge him with 

 eighteen ships, which entered the bay after losing three 

 hundred men. The cowardly Governor fled from the city, 

 with some of the troops, and the panic-struck populace 

 likewise escaped from their houses to the forests. The 

 French entered the city and occupied the principal points 

 of vantage. At length the Governor consented to pay 

 Duguay-Trouin 610,000 cruzados (^"54,900) and five hun- 

 dred cases of sugar ; and, having received this, the famous 

 French expedition retired victorious. 



In 1762 the city was declared capital of the State of 

 Brazil. 



On March 7, 1808, the Braganza Royal Family arrived 

 from Portugal. Those who are interested in the history 

 of Brazil from that period to the abdication of the 

 Emperor Dom Pedro I., in 1831, I refer to two exhaustive 

 volumes on "The History of Brazil from 1808-1831," by 

 John Armitage, Esq., published by Smith, Elder, and Co., 

 1836. 



