THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF BRAZIL. 309 



useful work. The few who work are interrupted by the many who 

 disturb. Of old, the work was simplified by doing away with too 

 many employes ; to-day, it is increased by the complication which 

 is given to the service.* And yet this is not all. There is not an 

 employe who does not consider himself ill-paid ; all grumble and 

 cry out for an increase of pay, and the less they do the more they 

 complain. 



" To the officials is added the class of hangers-on, who will 

 not pass unprovided in the abuse which has been given to that 

 guarantee which the law reserved to the employe disabled by 

 work or hoary in the service ; the amount desired by hangers-on 

 is greater than that destined for the payment of all the employe's 

 of the imperial offices. . . . The class of pensioners deserves no 

 less attention; it consumes 1,793,915 milreis. 



" Important questions on economic administration occupy the 

 attention of divers commissions, who were entrusted by the 

 Government to study them. We are accustomed to see the results 

 kept among the archives, hardly serviceable to assist by their 

 information (de suas luzes) those who have the curiosity of con- 

 sulting them. We give our votes that the new studies shall not 

 be of the same kind as the former. 



"There are, however, two questions which appear to us 

 cannot be adjourned either by Parliament or the Government." 

 Senhor Carreira then enters into the questions (i) of the withdrawal 

 from circulation and reduction of the claims of the six per cent, 

 and five per cent, apolicies or bonds, and (2) of the Bank of Brazil, 

 which has power to circulate private notes ; and demonstrates how 

 much revision and improvement is necessary in these matters. 



He concludes his pamphlet thus : " In ending this work, 

 which is only an essay on the general condition of the estimates, 

 I have brought together. . . . statements for understanding the 

 financial history of the country, giving bases for its study in detail ; 

 but I will not terminate without a reflection produced by this 

 study. 



" In the fifty-four Budgets liquidated, that is, after knowing 

 all the receipts and expenditure, scarcely ten reveal a balance, and 



* Brazil, with a population under 10,000,000, has 88,000 Government 

 officials ! 



