WILLIA ANOMALA I 285 



tics, such as the special shape of their cells or the odor which they 

 give off in sugar solutions. Zeidler has described it in the juice of the 

 marsh mallow and Jorgensen in an English yeast. Beijerinck has 

 described under the name of Saccharomyces acetaethylicus a species 

 producing ethyl ether which seems to be a member of the Willia 

 anomala group. The same author isolated a variety of Willia anomala 

 which he called Mycoderma pulverulenta;' these two species have been 

 insufficiently described. Finally, Fischer 

 and Brebeck have encountered another 

 variety under the name of Endoblastoderma 

 which forms, like the Willia anomala of 

 Hansen, a white powdery scum, but differs 

 in the method of formation of endogenous Fig 134. ^^ anomala of 

 germ. In certain cells it forms a sort of Zeidler on Wort Gelatin (after 

 internal spore which is placed well against 



the wall of the cell. This remains attached to the cell like a bud after 

 it has been released from it. Klocker has shown that these endogenous 

 formations are due to an optical illusion caused by budding and that 

 Endoblastoderma of Fischer and Brebeck does not differ from Willia 

 anomala but may be identified with it. Other authors (Holm, 

 Meissner, Will, Lindner) have found forms related to Willia 

 anomala. Beauverie and Lesieure have isolated one from spu- 

 tum in pulmonary tuberculosis. Finally, Steuber l has described a 

 series of biological varieties of W. anomala which we shall describe 

 briefly. 



WILLIA ANOMALA I. Steuber 



Syn.: SACCHAROMYCES ANOMALUS i. Steuber 



This variety is characterized by the aromatic odor produced by 

 ethyl ether in its cultures. On beer wort, it forms a scum at first 

 folded and yellow. The temperature limits for the formation of a 

 scum are 5-10 C. and 37-42 C. The optimum is 30 C. Sporulation 

 is accomplished on plaster blocks and rarely in scums or giant colonies. 

 The temperature limits for sporulation on plaster blocks are 5-12 C. 

 and 30-35 C. Ascospores appear at the end of 13 to 14 hours at 

 the optimum temperature on plaster blocks. They rarely form in 

 scums and giant colonies. The ascospores have the form of a hat. 

 The giant colony is yellow in the center and white or shiny at the 

 edge. Gelatin is liquefied. This variety ferments 10 per cent solu- 

 tions of saccharose, dextrose and levulose. It does not act on mal- 

 tose, lactose or d-galactose which it uses in its nutrition. In liquids 



1 Steuber, L. Beitrage zur Kentniss des Gruppe Saccharomyces anomalus. 

 Zeitsch. d. ges. Brau. 23, 1900. 



