WILLIA ANOMALA 287 



gelatin. This variety forms traces of alcohol in solutions of 10 per 

 cent levulose and acts on no other sugar. From the point of view of 

 acids and ether it acts like the preceding yeast. 



WILLIA BELGICA. Lindner 

 Syn.: SACCHAROMYCES ANOMALUS var. BELGICUS. Lindner 1 



This yeast, closely related to Willia anomala, was discovered by 

 Lindner in Belgian beer. The cells are small with thin walls. This 

 species produces ascospores which look like those of Willia anomala. 

 It is distinguished from Willia anomala by the fact that it ferments 

 not only dextrose but d-mannose, d-galactose and levulose and that 

 it does not produce an ether odor. It develops on beer wort in the 

 form of a dotted scum. 



WILLIA WICHMANNI. Zikes 2 



Isolated from soil near Vienna this yeast has cells 3 to 5/x rang- 

 ing from 6 to 40 jit long in scums. It grows on agar from 5 C. to 42 C. 

 The optimum is 22 C. Sporulation appears rapidly at 21 C. on plaster 

 blocks, less actively at 18 to 28 C. The ascospores are hat shaped 

 (2ju in diameter) and are to the number of 2, 3 or 4 per asc. This 

 yeast grows on peptone gelatin in a white layer. On glucose agar, 

 the colonies look like little droplets, whitish yellow in color. On 

 potato, the yeast gives a grayish viscous growth. On slices of beet, 

 it produces a yellow layer and abundant development with the for- 

 mation of numerous ascospores. It causes a cloudy beer wort with 

 the formation of a scum in 3 days. This yeast ferments dextrose and 

 levulose but does not attack maltose, d-mannose, d-galactose, lactose, 

 saccharose, raffinose, inuline or dextrine. It forms ethyl ether in 

 fermentation. 



WILLIA ANOMALA. Saito 



This yeast forms a thick white scum on must, white and adher- 

 ing a little to the walls of the container. The cells 

 are round or oval and sometimes in chain formation. 

 The giant colonies on gelatin are white and united. 

 The temperature limits for scum formation are: 

 maximum, 35 C. and minimum, 2-3 C. The spores 



are shaped like a hat with a projecting edge (2.7- p^ 134-A Ascsof 



3.6 /z in diameter). They are to the number of 4 Willia anomala, 

 per asc. They form abundantly on plaster blocks 



1 Lindner, P. Mikroskopische Betriebskontrolle in den Garungswerben, 

 Paul Parey, Berlin, 6th edition, 1909. 



2 Zikes, H. Ueber anomalus-Hefe und eine neue Art derselben. Cent. Bakt. 

 16, 1906. 



