316 NON-SACCHAROMYCETES OR DOUBTFUL YEASTS 



It was found in the bottom of a bottle of Maidstone beer and de- 

 scribed by Janssens and Mertens. 1 On beer wort it develops on the 

 surface and, after two days, produces a red scum. This develops very 

 quickly and covers the whole surface of the liquid, later to become 

 thick and folded. It also forms a reddish ring on the walls of the 

 culture flask. The scum, if one shakes the culture flask, falls to the 

 bottom and is replaced by a new one. If ammonium carbonate to 2 

 per cent is added there is no formation of this scum. The cells go to 

 the bottom of the liquid and the solution becomes cloudy. Only 

 when all of this ammonium carbonate has been destroyed does the 

 scum form again. 



On gelatin plates, this yeast produces surface colonies at the 

 end of two days, visible to the naked eye. After 5 days, these colonies 

 are entirely developed and possess a very characteristic appearance. 

 There is a little enlargement in the middle and there is formed along 

 their peripheries a slight fringe. This Torula liquefies gelatin very 

 slowly. The optimum temperature for budding is situated between 

 20 and 25 C. Toward 30 C., the vitality of the yeast is somewhat 

 diminished. This species produces no alcoholic fermentation and is 

 not pathogenic. 



The red pigment is almost insoluble in water and acetone but is 

 quite soluble in carbon bisulfide. It seems to resemble carotine. 



TORULA GLUTINIS. Pringsheim and Bilewsky 



Syn.: CRYPTOCOCCUS GLUTINIS. Fresenius. SACCHAROMYCES 

 GLUTINIS. Cohn 



Fresenius 2 discovered this yeast which is very common in dust 

 of the air. It is a common red yeast and has been since encountered 



by Cohn and Schroter. 3 Hansen 4 has 



9Q. <<o>@ Q (5\ a ^ so studied it under the name of 



) @ w v @ g" Cryptococcus glutinis. He found that 



Fig. 144. S. glutinis (after Hansen). many species have been described 



under this name and that Cohn's 



yeast does not correspond with that described by Frecenius. . Hansen 

 has isolated many other species of red yeasts related to the C. glutinis 



1 Janssens, E. A., and Mertens, A. fitude microchemique et cytologique 

 (Tune Torula rose. La cellule, 20, 1903. 



2 Fresenius. Beitrage zur Mycologie. 1850. 



3 Cohn, F., and Schroter, J. Beitrage zur Biologic der Pflanzen. Vol. 1. 

 1872. 



4 Hansen, E. C. Saccharomyces colores en rouge et cellules rouge ressemblant 

 a de Saccharomyces. Comp. Rend, des trav. lab. de Carlsberg. Vol. 1, Book, 

 24, 1879. 



