34 MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF YEASTS 



it germinates, it undergoes at first a swelling during which these 

 warts disappear. (Klocker. 1 ) 



The ascospores of Schw. occidentalis have also a warty wall and 

 are divided into unequal parts. The largest of these possesses a pro- 

 jection thread. At the time of germination, the smallest part of 

 the ascospore, that which does not possess the 

 projecting portion, swells, loses its warts, and 

 gives the impression that the ascospore pos- 

 sesses two walls. The larger part, that which 

 does not undergo an enlargement, appears 

 clothed with an outer layer which the asco- 

 spore tears when it grows. (Fig. 41.) 



Fifth Example, Saccharomycopsis guttulatus: 

 The ascospores of this yeast are elongated and 



Fig. 41.- Germination of clothed > as has been stated > with two mem - 

 Ascospores in Schwan- branes, an endoplast and ectoplast. According 



"alZdfng to^K)! to Wilhelmi* the germination begins with an 

 enlargement of the ascospore, which causes a 



rupture of the ectoplast. (Fig. 42.) This rupture is accomplished 

 at one end or on the side. Soon after budding begins and proceeds in 

 the usual manner. During this budding, the ectoplast becomes 

 irregular, shrivels up and leaves a little attached to the ascospore. 



Sixth Example, Monospora cuspidata and Nemato- 

 spora Coryli: These two yeasts are also characterized by 

 ascospores with special shapes. In Monospora cuspidata 

 the germination has been described by Metschnikoff. 3 

 The ascospores shaped like needles germinate laterally 



and in a prolonged form with oval buds. These break Fig. 42. Asc 



, ! , mSactharomy- 



apart slowly. copsis guttu i a . 



In Nematospora coryli, in which the ascospores are tus Showing 



fusiform and terminate, at one or both ends, in a long s ^ res a t the 



cilium, the disappearance of this cilium is soon accom- Beginning of 

 plished and the ascospore assumes the shape of a short 



. i i -M mi 11 111 The exosporium is 



thick cell. These bud also at one or both ends. ruptured (after 



Seventh Example, Schizosaccharomyces: With Sch. 

 octosporus 4 the ascospores are able to remain in the interior of the 



1 Klocker, A. Deux nouveaux genres des Sacch. Comp. Rend, des trav. lab. 

 de Carlsberg, 8, 1909. 



2 Wilhelmi, A. Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Sacch. guttulatus. Inaug. Dissert. 

 Bern. Lena, 1898. 



3 Metschnikoff, E. Ueber eine Sprosspilzkrankheit der Daphnien, Vir- 

 chows Archiv, 96, 1884. 



4 Guilliermond, A. Observations sur la germination des spores du S. Ludwigii. 

 Bull. Soc. de mycol. de France, 2, 1903. 



