THE CYTOPLASM AND ITS DIFFERENT PRODUCTS 43 



very abundant in the cells about to sporulate, and play, like them, 

 the role of reserve material. The results which have been secured 

 by Guilliermond l on the evolution of the metachromatics in the 

 higher ascomycetes and various molds have confirmed this opinion. 

 In the young ascs of the higher ascomycetes, the many met achro- 

 matic granules collect about the asco- 

 spores in formation when they are 

 finally absorbed by the ascospores. In 

 the molds (Penicillium, Sterigmato- 

 cystis) they accumulate in the fruiting 

 heads and serve in the nutrition of 

 the conidia. Van Herwerden admits 

 that these bodies represent reserve 



\V*"*~ { ' * ^ ^p% 



products which will be decomposed 



by a nuclease with the formation of Fi S- 48. Yeast cells with a for- 



. . mation of mucilaginous network. 



phosphoric acid, and this favors the The network has been obtained 



fermentation. b y P artial drvin g- 



Arna + o 2 frr,^ L-inrla r\t l > Part of the cells has fallen. In 2 and 

 Amata, tWO KindS OI 3 it is seen that the net work may affect 



p Hpmnn- the form of th , e entire wall> for exam P le 

 between a and 6; a is a vegetative cell; 



in tVp vpft hv RniiHan TTT & an asc with two ascospores; 4 a, three 



in tne yeasts D> soudan 111. cells living in the network (according 



Some resist the fat solvents after 



treatment with organic acids and become blackened. The others 



become a brownish color after treatment 

 with organic acids and are dissolved in 

 xylol and ether. The first type is less 

 abundant than the second type. 



B. Glycogen: Glycogen was observed 

 for the first time in yeasts by Errera. 3 It 

 is very abundant in the cells. It is easily 



Fig. 49. Formation of Net- rec ognized by the brown color (mahogany) 

 work and Yeast Cells. The . J . J ' 



Latter have been Colored which it gives with iodm in potassium 



with Methyl Violet The iodide. The color disappears when the 

 Network is Uncolored. Some . *T 



Cells are still Found in the solution is heated to 60 , but reappears 

 Meshes, but Most of them w h en it coolg Glycogen exists in almost 

 are Removed (after Hansen). . 



all of the yeasts; however, certain species 



do not contain it at any moment in their development, perhaps because 

 it is used up as soon as it is formed. In this category, belong S. 

 apiculatus, exiguuSj and the Schizosaccharomyces. On the contrary, we 



1 Guilliermond, A. Contr. a I'Stude de la formation asques et de l^piplasm 

 des Ascomycetes. Rev. ge"n. de Bot. 14, 1903. 



2 Amata, A. Ueber die Lipoide der Blastomyceten. Cent. Bakt. Abt. II, 42, 

 1915. 



3 Errera, L. L'epiplasm des ascomycetes at le glycogene des vege"taux. Thesis 

 d'agregation des sciences, Brussels, 1882. 



