PHYLOGENY OF THE YEASTS 



143 



Endomyces fibuliger l constitutes a link between Eremascus fertilis 

 and Endomyces Hordei recently described by Saito. This last-men- 

 tioned species has the same characteristics as Endomyces fibuliger 

 with the exception that no conidia, but only yeast forms, are found. 

 It forms ascospores in the shape of a hat but these ascs result from 

 simple budding of the mycelium without presenting an anastomosis. 

 All traces of sexuality have disappeared. The ascospores have a 

 double membrane and germinate by simple budding. Endomyces 

 Hordei represents a higher step in the parthenogenetic evolution than 

 seems to have taken place in the descendants of Eremascus. 



With Endomyces capsularis, discovered 

 a few years ago by Schionning 2 we have 

 a similar species but one more closely con- 

 nected to the yeasts. This fungus also 

 has a branching mycelium with septa 

 made of cells with one nucleus and which 

 form numerous yeast bodies by budding. 

 These, however, are much larger in number 

 than in Endomyces fibuliger and Endomyces 

 Hordei. Endomyces capsularis also has 

 ascs with its ascospores possessing a 

 double membrane and germinating either 

 into yeast bodies or a mycelium. The 

 ascs are formed as in Endomyces Hordei 

 by a sort of budding of the cells or of any 

 cell in the mycelium without any anas- 

 tomosis. 



End. javanensis, described by Klocker, 3 

 offers a form of transition more disputed 

 between Endomyces and the yeasts. The 

 mycelium is greatly reduced and yeast forms predominate. The ascs, 

 always parthenogenetic, form indifferently at the expense of some 

 cells in the mycelium or of a yeast cell. They include a single asco- 

 spore much like the ascospore of Sch. occidentalis. They germinate 

 either into the form of yeasts or a mycelium. This fungus presents, 

 then, such great resemblances to the yeasts that it is difficult to know 

 whether it should be classed among the Endomyces or among the 



1 Lindner, P. Endomyces fibuliger, n. sp. einer neuer Garungspilze und Erzeuger 

 des sog. Kreidekrankheit des Brotes. Woch. Baruerei, 24, 1908. 



2 Schionning. Nouveau genre de la famille des Saccharomycetees. Comp. 

 Rend. trav. lab. Carlsberg, 6, 1908. 



3 Klocker, A. Endomyces javanensis, nov. sp. Comp. Rend, des trav. du 

 lab. de Carlsberg, 6, 1909. 



g. 59. Fragment of Myce- 

 lium in Endomyces Magnusii 

 in the Process of Breaking 

 into Oidia (after Rose). 



