ZYGOSACCHAROMYCES JAPONICUS 207 



Klocker showed in 1904 that the ascs of this yeast are derived 

 from an isogamic copulation; consequently it is related to the genus 

 Zygosaccharomyces. Copulation is accomplished exactly as in Zy. 

 Barken. The ascs are formed of two large portions united by a canal 

 (Fig. 83). The ascospores in the number of 2 or 4 

 are formed in each large part of the asc; they are 

 round or oval. We have shown that quite a few of 

 the cells form ascospores without having undergone 

 copulation. Parthenogenesis is, then, rather fre- 

 quent. (Fig. 83, a, b, c.) This yeast forms a rather 



scant scum but very often a well-developed ring. Fig 83 Formation 



The appearance of the colonies on gelatin at the of the Asc in Zyg. 

 temperature of the laboratory resembles the shape Pn onarms. 

 a cupule. This yeast ferments dextrose, levulose, saccharose and 

 maltose but not lactose. 



ZYGOSACCHAROMYCES JAVANICUS. de Kruyff 



This species was isolated in Java by de Kruyff l in 1908 on partly 

 decomposed foliage. It is a yeast with elliptical cells from 4 to 8 

 JJL in diameter. The optimum temperature for budding is situated 

 between 34 and 35 C.; the maximum is around 38. Spores appear 

 easily on gelatin and are preceded by an isogamic copulation. Zy. 

 javanicus does not form a scum. It is a bottom yeast which ferments 

 dextrose, levulose, saccharose and d-galactose. 



ZYGOSACCHAROMYCES JAPONICUS. Saito 

 Syn.: SOYA-KAHMHEFE Saito 



This yeast was discovered by Saito 2 in 1906 among the products 

 of fermentation of Soya; it was, at first, given the provisional name 

 of Soya-Kahmhefe. It is a yeast with round or 

 va l cells (Fig. 84) which frequently gives long 

 threads made up of budding units. The ascs in 

 certain numbers are observed in the scum grow- 

 ing on Koji or in cells developing on gelatin. 

 They are easily obtained on Gorodkowa's gelatin 

 medium. Saito in 1909 showed that they were 



. 84 - ~ z y% Jap- preceded by a copulation similar to that of Zyg. 

 icus (after Saito). * 



Barken and on account of this, this yeast is 



attached to the Zygosaccharomyces. The ascs resemble retorts united 



1 de Kruyff, E. Untersuchungen iiber auf Java einheimische Hefenarten. 

 Cent. Bakt. 21, 1908. 



2 Saito, K. Mikrobiologische Studien liber Soyabereitung. Cent. Bakt. 17, 1906. 



