240 



FAMILY OF SACCHAROMYCETACEAE 



SACCHAROMYCES VALIDUS. Hansen 



Saccharomyces validus, at first called S. pastorianus III is a top 



yeast isolated by Hansen l 

 Q fj^Ci $ from a bottom fermentation 



ft n 



U ^ m k eer wnere ^ caused 

 cloudiness. In the vegeta- 

 tion at the bottom of beer 

 wort the cells are ordinarily 

 elongated in the form of 



sausages intermingled with 



r 

 ment in Wort (after a large or small number of 



Hansen). round Qr oval cellg (Fig 



109.) The temperature limits of budding are: minimum, 0.5 C., 

 maximum 39-40 C. 



Temperatures for the Formation of Ascospores 

 At 29 C. no development of ascospores. 



27-28 appearance of first rudiments in about 35 hours 



oung Cells fromSedi- 



25 50 



OFvQ 



22 



jyo 



ICO 



10.5 



O rtO 



u 



u 



t( 



U 



" " 



(I (( 



no a 



29 " 



44 K 



CQ 



7 days 



Q K 



4 no development of ascospores. 



The ascs are ellipsoidal or elongated. The ascospores measure 

 2-4 IJL in diameter and are variable in number in each asc (1 to 10) 

 (Fig. 110.) Sometimes they germinate after having undergone a 

 copulation (Marchand) but more often singly. 



Temperatures for Formation of Scum 

 At 34 C. no formation of scum. 



26-28 at the end of 7-10 days feeble development 

 20-22 " " " " 9-12 " " " 



13-15 " " " " 10-12 " " " 



6-7 " " " " 1-2 months " 

 3-5 " " " a 5-6 " " " 



2-3 no formation of scum. 



1 Hansen, E. C. See references under S. pastorianus. 



