WILLIA SATURNUS 289 



On gelatin must, Willia saturnus forms white or pale yellow 

 colonies, the surfaces of which are wrinkled or folded. Their form re- 

 sembles a crater. The cells in the colonies have a spherical form con- 

 taining numerous drops of fat. Gelatin is liquefied slowly. On a 

 mixed gelatin and peptone bouillon, the cells are small and often a 

 bit elongated. The appearance of the colony is much like that on 

 gelatin must. 



Willia saturnus inverts saccharose. It ferments dextrose, raf- 

 finose, levulose, but has no action on maltose, lactose or arabinose. 

 In beer wort, it provokes a slow fermentation. It gives off an odor 

 of ethyl ether. Alcohol disappears after a time in cultures; probably 

 being oxidized. 



Sartory has found in the juice on banana leaves a yeast which is 

 much like Willia saturnus and which may be a variety of it. In 

 beer wort, the cells in the sediment are oval (7-8 X 4.5 ju). The 

 optimum temperature for budding on carrot is situated between 32 

 and 34 C.; the maximum is between 41 C. and 42 C. The yeast 

 forms a scum after 36 hours in glycerol bouillon at 15-18 C., after 

 2 days at 20-22 C., and after 3 days at 38-39 C. None is formed 

 higher than this. The scum consists of cells like those in the sediment, 

 but when they become old they are spring shaped or like a pseudo- 

 mycelium. On beer wort gelatin, the yeast forms a dull, white round 

 colony with a banana-like odor. 



Sporulation is accomplished on plaster block only on condition 

 that the yeast be associated with the bacteria with which it is found 

 and from which it is separated with great difficulty. The tempera- 

 ture limits for sporulation are a little below 8 and from 22-30 C. 

 The optimum is situated between 15 and 18 C. The ascs (8-9 JJL in 

 diameter) have one to four ascospores (2-3 /z) similar in shape to those 

 of Willia saturnus, which germinate by ordinary budding. The yeast 

 secretes invertase and produces alcoholic fermentation. 



Fifth Group 



Budding yeasts with uncertain affinities. Fusiform ascospores in 

 the form of a needle. 



Genus XIII. Monospora. Metschnikoff 1 



Single ascospore in the form of a needle, germinating laterally in 

 a digitiform prolongation which buds into dissociated oval bodies. 

 This genus is represented by only Monospora cuspidata. 



1 Metschnikoff, E. Ueber eine Sprosspilzarankheit der Daphnien. Beitrag 

 zur Lehre uber den Krampf der Phagocyten gegen Krankheitserreger. Virchow's 

 Archives, 96, 1884. 



