DOMBROWSKFS TORULA 311 



TORULA KEPHIR. Nokolajewa l 



This species was found along with many bacteria and Torula 

 ellipsoidea in a decomposition of kephir. It is made up of round 

 cells (3-4 n in diameter); it develops with a red color on potato. 

 This yeast ferments dextrose, saccharose and lactose. 



TORULA ELLIPSOIDEA. Nikolajewa 2 



This yeast was found under the same conditions as the preceding. 

 The cells are elliptical (6-9 /i in length and 3-4. 5 /z in width) and de- 

 velop on all substances. A yellow pigment is formed on potato. 

 This yeast ferments dextrose and saccharose but not lactose 



TORULA AMARA. Harrisson 3 



This yeast was isolated from a cheese and milk in America where 

 it produced a bitter taste. Harrisson, who isolated it, showed that it 

 came from cans of milk; the cans became infected from trees under 

 which they were placed to dry. It produces a bad, disagreeable taste 

 in milk at 37 C. after 14 hours. It produces an odor recalling that of 

 plum stones. The taste is astringent. Later the milk coagulates and 

 an aromatic ethereal odor is formed. The optimum temperature for 

 budding is 37 C. and the temperature limits 48-50 C. This species 

 easily ferments saccharose, dextrose and lactose. It grows in a bouil- 

 lon containing 2.4 per cent of lactic acid. 



DOMBROWSKTS TORULA 



Torula lactis a, Dombrowski: This yeast was isolated from 

 Armenian mazun in Zurich by Dtiggeli and was described by Dom- 

 browski. 4 The cells are usually oval; giant cells are often noticed in 

 hanging drop preparations. On gelatin plates, the colonies are lentic- 

 ular and are either circular or torpedo shaped. Growth in gelatin 

 stabs extends only 4 cm. below the surface. The giant colony is flat 

 and spread out with a slightly fringed border. In beer wort and must, 

 this species acts like a top yeast. Fermentation is quite energetic. 



1 Nikolajewa, E. Die Microorganismen des Kefirs. Bull. Jard. Imp. St. 

 Petersburg, 7, 1907. 



2 See reference for Torula kephir. 



3 Harrisson, F. C. Bitter milk and cheese. Cent. Bakt. 9, 1902. 



4 Dombrowshi, W. Sur TEndomyces fibuliger. Comp. Rend. d. trav. du. 

 labor, de Carlsberg. 7, Book 4, 1909, 



