312 NON-SACCHAROMYCETES OR DOUBTFUL YEASTS 



The must is strongly discolored with the formation of an aroma. A 

 scum is not formed, only a feeble ring. Clarification is generally bad. 

 At the end of five and a half months in wort about 5 per cent of alco- 

 hol is formed. This yeast induces an active fermentation in wort 

 with the formation of an aroma. It ferments dextrose, lactose, sac- 

 charose and d-galactose but has no action on maltose. Besides alco- 

 hol and carbon dioxide, it produces a small quantity of acid. 



Torula lactis ft Dombrowski: This species was isolated by Burri 

 and described by Dombrowski. It possesses cells of varied shapes. 

 In solid media, they are generally elongated and united by a sort of 

 mycelium. In wort cultures, they are spherical, elliptical, elongated 

 or oval. The average dimensions are 7-9. 5 /z in length and 4.25- 

 4.5 jit in width. Giant cells are formed in hanging drops. 



The colonies on gelatin or beer wort, in plates, are either torpedo 

 shape or circular. They are made up of elongated cells resembling a 

 mycelium. In stabs, development extends to about 4 cm. below the 

 surface. The giant colony has a concavity in the center. Cultures 

 on beer wort show a ring formation and a feeble attempt to form a 

 scum. The wort is strongly discolored. There is the production of a 

 slight aroma. After five and a half months, there are 6.3 grams of alco- 

 hol formed in 100 c.c. of medium. This species produces at 25 C. 

 an active fermentation of milk with a slight disagreeable taste. It 

 ferments lactose, saccharose, d-galactose and dextrose but does not 

 act on maltose. Small quantities of acid are produced in the fermen- 

 tation. 



Torula lactis 7, Dombrowski: This species was found many times 

 in kephir grains. It possesses oval cells, sometimes spherical, which 

 have a diameter on beer wort of 3.5 /z, and which often possess numer- 

 ous fat globules. Colonies on beer wort or gelatin plates are circular 

 or shaped like torpedoes. In stab cultures growth extends about 4.5 

 cm. below the surface. Giant colonies possess a concavity in the center. 

 This species produces a rather thick scum on beer wort which is of a 

 whitish color and forms about 5 grams of alcohol in about five and a 

 half months. It acts like a top yeast. It clarifies beer wort and pro- 

 duces an active fermentation. The wort is strongly discolorized with 

 the formation of an aroma. At 23-25 C., this Torula causes an active 

 fermentation in milk. It ferments lactose, saccharose, dextrose and 

 d-galactose but does not act on maltose. Small amounts of acids are 

 produced. 



Torula lactis d and Torula lactis e, Dombrowski: These two 

 species were encountered in various products from milk. They are 

 only distinguished by the size of the cells. The cells are spherical 

 in shape and often include a large fat globule. The cells of Torula 



