PSEUDOSACCHAROMYCES APICULATUS 323 



TORULA BOGORIENSIS RUBRA. De Kruyff 



This is a yeast which was isolated from the soil of Java by Kruyff. 1 

 It possesses the very interesting property of fixing atmospheric nitro- 

 gen. It does not ferment any sugar, secretes amylase, lipase and 

 sucrase and forms round colonies which have a reddish tinge in the cen- 

 ter. Other rose-colored yeasts have been described as Saccharomyces 

 roseus (Frank) Zopf and the Torula roseaca Van Hest. 



TORULA RUBEFACIENS. Grosbusch 2 



The cells are round or elliptical (3. 7-2-6 JJL). There is abundant 

 development in beer wort with great pigment production. This 

 is red and soluble in water and exhales a fruity odor. Giant colonies 

 on wort gelatin are strongly colored red. Gelatin is rapidly liquefied. 

 On potato, the yeast gives a red colony. The production of pigment 

 is influenced by the kind of sugar in which the yeast finds itself, fer- 

 mentable sugars favoring this action. The concentration of the sugar 

 and the amount of acid are also determining factors. The yeast fer- 

 ments levulose and dextrose, acts less strongly on saccharose and a 

 little on galactose. Ando, 3 in studying some red yeasts isolated from 

 breweries which were probably Torula, found that the color did not 

 depend upon the nutrient medium. The red pigment was found to 

 have intimate connection with the life of the yeasts. In this case it 

 was regarded as an indication of life. 



Genus II. Pseudosaccharomyces. Klocker 



HANSENIA. Zikes 



The cells are usually supplied at one or both ends with little 

 points like those on lemons. 



PSEUDOSACCHAROMYCES APICULATUS. Klocker 

 Syn.: SACCHAROMYCES APICULATUS. Reess. Hansen 



It has been stated that the yeast under the name of Saccharomyces 

 apiculatus and described by Rees and Hansen represents not a species 



1 De Kruyff, E. Torula Bogoriensis rubra. Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenzorg. 

 3, 1909. 



2 Grosbusch, T. Ueber eine farblose, stark roten Farbstoff erzeugende Torula. 

 Cent. Bakt. 42 (1915), 625-638. 



3 Ando, K. On red yeasts. Original Communications Eighth International 

 Congress of Applied Chemistry, 14 (1912), 7-12. 



