324 NON-SACCHAROMYCETES OR DOUBTFUL YEASTS 



but a group. Those which form spores are classed as Saccharomycetes 

 and those which form no ascospores are called Pseudosaccharomycetes. 



Saccharomyces apiculatus described by Reess and Hansen is a top 

 yeast which causes active fermentation in dextrose but does not take 

 it very far. After three months, according to Hansen, only 3 per 

 cent of alcohol is formed. In beer wort, only 1 per cent of alcohol 

 is formed. There is no fermentation of maltose nor inversion of 

 saccharose. 



Klocker found this species in garden soil at Carlsberg. On wort at 

 25 C., it has lemon or ellipsoideus shaped cells (5-10 /z long). The 

 temperature limits for growth are 36-37 C. and 0.5-3.5 C. It fer- 

 ments dextrose, levulose, d-mannose and liquefies gelatin. 



PSEUDOSACCHAROMYCES APICULATUS PARASITICUS. 



Klocker 



SACCHAROMYCES APICULATUS PARASITICUS. Lindner 



Lindner discovered this yeast in 1895 in the body of an Homop- 

 tera Aspidiotus Nerii and also on the laurel, ivy, myrtle, etc. (Fig. 

 145-E.) It is probably from these plants that it gets into the bodies 

 of insects. This species has the identical characteristics of Saccharo- 



myces apiculatus. No formation 

 of ascospores has been noticed. 

 Saccharomyces apiculatus parasi- 

 ticus is transmitted by the eggs 

 and finally enters the larvae to 

 penetrate their uttermost ex- 

 tremities. They do not seem to 



play a pathogenic role in Aspi- 

 Fig. 145-E. - S. api^Mm parasitic. ^^ and geem to Uve in a sort 



A, Cells Enclosed in the Protoplasm of the Aspi- . . . 



diotus Nerii cells; B, Greatly magnified cells (after OI SymblOSlS. IlllS yeast has 



not been cultivated. Hartig has 



found an apiculate yeast in the blood of caterpillars which is iden- 

 tical with that described by Lindner. 1 However, it differs in that it 

 causes a fatal disease among caterpillars. Lindner believes that 

 this yeast gets into the caterpillars from ivy which is abundant in the 

 vicinity of Hartig's laboratory. 



1 Lindner, P. Ueber eine in Aspidiotus Nerii parasitisch lebende Apiculatus 

 Hefe. Cent. Bakt. 1, 1895. 



