384 FUNGI RELATED TO THE YEASTS 



E. albicans develops between 20 and 39 C. and grows on solid or 

 liquid media slightly acid; no scum is produced on the surface of 

 liquid media. On carbohydrate liquid media and fruit juices it gives 

 a slight growth with a flocculent sediment. On gelatin plates the colo- 

 nies are round, white and creamy, and it produces liquefaction of the 

 gelatin. In gelatin stabs development is slight and superficial. On 

 agar the fungus produces a white line which thickens to a creamy layer 

 at first thick then honeycombed. On potato it gives small colonies 

 of a dirty white color and on carrot creamy white and folded growth. 

 It grows with difficulty in milk, which it coagulates in 20 to 30 days. 



E_. albicans causes a slight fermentation of dextrose. 



Anderson has mentioned the very frequent presence in the human 

 intestines of a fungus very closely related to Endomyces albicans 

 to which he has given the name of Parasaccharomyces Ashfordii. 



PARASACCHAROMYCES ASHFORDIL Anderson 1 



"Morphology. In young cultures cells are round or slightly oval; 

 in old cultures cells are of many forms: oval, elongated, elliptical, 

 round, or irregular; giant cells are common. Septate mycelium de- 

 velops in gelatin hanging-drop and in old cultures. Budding occurs 

 from any point on the young cells, but usually near the ends of articles 

 in old cultures. The size is 4.5 x 5 /z. 



" Cultural Characters. On glucose agar the streak is filiform, raised, 

 glistening, chalk^white and smooth; later the central portion may be- 

 come rugose or pitted; the edge of the streak may remain entire or 

 may become decidedly filamentous, due to the outward growing hyphal 

 elements under the surface of the medium. There is a growth in gelatin 

 stab at first filiform, later it develops scattered, bushy clusters of fila- 

 ments. In liquid sugar mediums and beer wort a very evident ring 

 formation occurs; no pellicle is present. 



(l Physiologic Properties. It ferments glucose, maltose and levulose; 

 occasionally sucrose and galactose are fermented. Yeast-water sugar 

 mediums, with an initial acidity of + 1, become more alkaline. Litmus 

 milk is rendered alkaline in 2 weeks, but is not clotted. Gelatin is 

 rarely liquefied. 



"The culture was isolated from a sprue patient by Dr. B. K. 

 Ashford in Porto Rico. 



" This species strongly resembles the fungus variously called Oidium 

 albicans, Monilia albicans, and Endomyces albicans. Castellani ('16) 

 has, however, reserved the name Monilia albicans for a species which 



1 Anderson, H. W. Yeast-like fungi of the human intestinal tract. Jour. 

 Infectious Diseases 21 (1917) 341-386. 



