370 FUNGI RELATED TO THE YEASTS 



with a grayish white color. The gelatin is not liquefied. On must 

 agar, the growth is dry, much folded and velvety, assuming a chocolate 

 color after a time. This fungus ferments maltose, dextrose, levuloso, 

 and d-galactose, but does not act on 1-arabinose, ramnose, lactose 

 and saccharose. It does not secrete invertase. 



Schionning has described this fungus as a Saccharomycete which 

 he classes along with Saccharornycetes guttulikus in the genus Saccharo- 

 mycopsis characterized with its ascospores in a double membrane. 

 On account of the high differentiation of its mycelium and the for- 

 mation of ascospores almost always at the end of the filaments of th;? 

 mycelium and never at the expense of yeast -like cells, we have been 

 led on the contrary to class it with Endomyces fibuliger and put it 

 into the genus Endomyces under the name of End. capsularis. It 

 will be demonstrated in the following paragraph that this fungus is 

 very closely related to Endomyces fibuliger. 



ENDOMYCES FIBULIGER. Lindner 1 



Endomyces fibuliger was discovered in 1908 by Lindner on bread 

 where it formed white spots resembling chalk and caused a trouble 

 known as " chalky bread." By the investigations of Lindner, Dom- 

 browski 2 and Guilliermond, 3 this yeast is well known to-day. In 

 cultures it has a typical mycelium with cross walls and 

 branches in each unit of which there is a nucleus. The 

 filaments of this mycelium at times form conidia, yeast- 

 like structures and ascs. 



The conidia appear only in that part of the my- 

 celium that is directly exposed to the air, that is, in 

 the scum on the surface liquid media or in the upper 

 reaches of the growth on solid media. They are formed 

 Formation^ m rea ^ abundance under these conditions and show a 

 Conidia in white powdery appearance. These conidia either form 

 G ? directly from the mycelium by budding, or form at the 

 expense of budding cells like the yeasts which are formed 

 by branches in the mycelium. (Fig. 159.) They separate from the 

 units which form them and leave a sort of sterigmata which remains 

 attached to the latter cells. The conidia look like grape seeds which 

 are provided with a thick membrane, a protoplasm filled with fat 



1 Lindner, P. Endomyces fibuliger n. sp. Wochensch. Brau. No. 24. 1908. 



2 Dombrowski, W. Sur 1'End. fibuliger. Comp. Rend. lab. de Carlsberg, 

 Vol. 7, Book 4, 1909. 



3 Guilliermond, A. Recherches cytologiques et taxonomiques sur les En- 

 domycetees. Rev. gen. Bot. 21, 1909; Remarques sur le develop. 1'End. fibuliger. 

 Comp. Rend. Soc. Biol. 67, 1910. 



