MONILIA CANDIDA 



375 



Fig. 162. Monilia Candida 

 Young Cells in a Scum. 



MONILIA CANDIDA. Bonorden l 

 Syn.: MONILIA BONORDENH. Vuillemin 2 



This species was described by Hansen, 3 and was isolated from fresh 

 dung and fruit juices in which it forms a 

 white layer. When put into wort, there 

 is abundant growth of cells having the 

 appearance of yeasts and resembling S. 

 ellipsoideus and cerevisiae. (Fig. 162.) 

 A strong alcoholic fermentation is set up 

 during which the surface of the liquid is 

 covered by a thick scum; this is made 

 up of ordinary cells which elongate to make a mycelium. (Fig. 163.) 

 According to the investigations of Hansen, this fungus forms 1.1 per 

 cent of alcohol by volume during the time that Saccharomyces cerevisiae 

 forms 6 per cent. But while Saccharomyces cerevisiae stops at this 

 per cent, Monilia Candida continues its action. After 6 months fer- 

 mentation there is 5 per cent of alcohol by volume. 

 This yeast secretes invertase but it remains in 

 the interior of the protoplasm and never diffuses 

 through the membrane. Fischer and Lindner have 

 found that it is impossible to extract this enzyme. 

 They have, however, inverted saccharose with the 

 dried fungus, even in the presence of antiseptic sub- 

 stances. Cells broken up with glass were also used. 

 Monilia Candida inverts maltose and ferments the 

 dextrine (Bau). It easily withstands high tempera- 

 Fig. 163. Monilia tures r On account of this it may develop in solu- 

 mentous Forms in tions of saccharose and beer wort at 40 C. 



a Scum (after Han- 

 sen). 



Anderson has recently mentioned the frequent 

 presence of a yeast resembling Monilia Candida in 

 the human intestinal tract. Lindner and Knuth have also found 

 Monilia Candida in epizootic lymphangitis. 



1 The genus Monilia, created by Persoon, is quite badly characterized. It 

 includes filamentous fungi characterized by the formation of oval conidia, ellip- 

 tical or in chains (conidial yeasts or oidial forms) . 



2 Vuillemin, P. Difference fondam. entre le genre Monilia et les genres Scopu- 

 lariopsis, Acmosporium et Catenularia. Bull. Soc. Mycol. de France, 27, 1911. 



3 Hansen, E. C. Recherches sur la physiologic et morphologie des alcoo- 

 liques ferments. VII, Action des ferments alcooliques sur les diverses especes de 

 sucre. Levures alcooliques a cellules resemblant a des Saccharomycetes. C. 

 R. Trav. du lab. de Carlsberg, 2, Book 5, 1888. 



