CLASS I. 1. 3. 10. OP IRRITATION. 35 



consisting of two drams of turpentine dissolved by yolk of egg, 

 and sixty drops of tincture of opium, should be used at night, 

 and repeated, with cathartic medicines interposed, every night, 

 or alternate nights. Aerated solution of alkali should be taken 

 internally, and balsam of copaiva, three or four times a day. 

 Some of these patients recover after having made no water for 

 nine or ten days. 



If a stone sticks in the ureter with incessant vomiting ten grains 

 of calomel must be given in small pills as above; and some hours 

 afterwards infusion of senna and salts and oil, if it can be made 

 to stay on the stomach. And after the purge has operated four 

 or five times, an opiate is to be given, if the pain continues, con- 

 sisting of two grains of opium. If this does not succeed, ten or 

 twenty electric shocks through the kidney should be tried, and 

 the purgative repeated, and afterwards the opiate. The patient 

 should be frequently put into the warm bath for an hour at a 

 time. Eighty or a hundred drops of laudanum given in a clys- 

 ter, with two drams of turpentine, are to be preferred to the two 

 grains given by the stomach as above, when the pain and vomit- 

 ing are very urgent. 



10. Calculus Vesicw. Stone of the bladder. The nucleus, or 

 kernel, of these concretions is always formed in the kidney, as 

 above described; and passing down the ureter into the bladder, 

 is there perpetually increased by the mucus and salts secreted 

 from the arterial system, or by the mucus of the bladder, dispos- 

 ed in concentric strata. The stones found in the bowels of 

 horses are also formed on a nucleus, and consist of concentric 

 spheres; as appears in sawing them through the middle. But 

 as these are formed by the indurated mucus of the intestines alone 

 without the urinary salts, it is probable a difference would be 

 found on their analysis. 



As the stones of the bladder are of various degrees of hardness, 

 and probably differ from each other in the proportions at least of 

 their component parts; when a patient, who labours under this 

 afflicting disease, voids any small bits of gravel; these should be 

 kept in warm solutions of caustic alkali, or of mild alkali well 

 aerated; and if they dissolve in these solutions, it would afford 

 greater hopes, that that which remains in the bladder might be 

 affected by these medicines taken by the stomach, or injected 

 into the bladder. 



To prevent the increase of a stone in the bladder much diluent 

 drink should be taken; as half a pint of water warmed to about 

 eighty degrees, three or four times a day: which will not only 

 prevent the growth of it, by preventing any microscosmic salts 

 from being precipitated from the urine, and by keeping the mu- 



