CLASS IV. 1. 2. 5. OF ASSOCIATION. 375 



of the diaphragm arising from the associations of the reiterated 

 exertions of that muscle with those of the lips and cheeks hi 

 laughing. See Diaphragmitis, Class II. 1. 2. 6. 



5. Salivw fluxus cibo viso. The flow of saliva into the mouths 

 of hungry animals at the sight or smell of food is seen in dogs 

 standing round a dinner-table. The increased actions of the 

 salivary glands have been usually produced by the stimulus of 

 agreeable food on their excretory ducts during the mascication 

 of it; and with this increased action of their excretory ducts the 

 other terminations of those glands in the capillary arteries have 

 been excited into increased action by the mutual association of 

 the ends of canals; and at the same time the pleasurable ideas, 

 or sensual motions, of the sense of smell and of sight have accom- 

 panied this increased secretion of saliva. Hence this chain of 

 motions becomes associated with those visual or olfactory ideas, 

 or with the pleasure, which produces or attends them. 



6. Tensio mammularum viso puerulo. The nipples of lactescent 

 women are liable to become turgid at the sight of their young 

 offspring. The nipple has generally been rendered turgid by 

 the titillation of the lips or gums of the child in giving suck; 

 the visible idea of the child has thus frequently accompanied 

 this pleasurable sensation of parting with the milk, and turges- 

 cence of the tubes, which constitute the nipple. Hence the 

 visual idea of the child, and the pleasure which attends it, be- 

 come associated with those increased arterial actions, which 

 swell the cells of the mammula, and extend its tubes; which is 

 very similar to the tensio phalli visa muliere nuda etiam in in- 

 somnio. 



7. Tensio penis in hydrophobia. An erection of the penis oc- 

 curs in the hydrophobia, and is a troublesome symptom, as ob- 

 served by Coelius Aurelianus, Fothergill, and Vaughan, and 

 would seem to be produced by an unexplained sympathy between 

 the sensations about the fauces and the penis. In men the hail 1 

 grows about both these parts, the voice changes, and the neck 

 thickens at puberty. In the mumps, when the swellings about 

 the throat subside, the testicles are liable to swell. Venereal in- 

 fection received by the penis is very liable to affect the throat 

 with ulcers. Violent coughs, with soreness or rawness about 

 the fauces, are often attended with erection of the penis; which 

 is also said to happen to male animals, that are hanged; which 

 last circumstance has generally been ascribed to the obstruction 

 of the circulation of the blood, but is more probably occasioned 

 by the stimulus of the cord in compressing the throat; since if 

 it was owing to impeded circulation it ought equally to occur i 

 drowning animals. 



