CLASS IV. 2. 1. 16. OF ASSOCIATION. 409 



wide, and 12 high;" all which he guessed by the ear with great 

 accuracy. Now if these irritative sounds, from the partial loss 

 of hearing, do not correspond with the size of usual echoes of 

 the places where we are; their catenation with other irritative 

 ideas, as those of vision, becomes dissevered or disturbed; and we 

 attend to them in consequence, which I think unravels this in- 

 tricate circumstance of noises being always heard in the head, 

 when the sense of hearing begins to be impaired, from whatever 

 cause it occurs. 



This ringing in the ears also attends the vertigo from intoxi- 

 cation; for the irritative ideas of sound are then more weakly 

 excited in consequence of the deficiency of the sensorial power 

 of association. As is known by this also being attended with 

 disagreeable sensation, and by its accompanying otlrer diseases of 

 debility, as strokes on the head, fainting fits, and paralytic seiz- 

 ures. For in this vertigo from intoxication so much sensorial 

 power in general is expended on the increased actions of the sto- 

 mach, and its nearest connections, as the capillaries of the skin; 

 that there is a deficiency for the purposes of the other irritative 

 associations of motions usually connected with it. This auditory 

 vertigo attends both the rotatory and the visual vertigo above- 

 mentioned; in the former it is introduced by reverse sympathy, 

 that is, by the diminution of sensorial power; too great a quan- 

 tity of it being expended on the increased irritative motions of 

 vision; in the latter it is produced either by the same causes which 

 produced the visual vertigo, or by direct sympathy with it. See 

 Sect. XX. 7. 



M. M. Stimulate the internal ear by ether, or with essential 

 oil diluted with expressed oil, or with a solution of opium in 

 wine, or in water. Or with salt and water. Apply a cupping 

 glass over the ear. See I. 2. 5. 6. Galvanic shocks through 

 the temples. See IV. 2. 1. 11. 



16. Tactus, gustus, olfactus, vertiginosi. Vertiginous touch, 

 taste, and smell. In the vertigo of intoxication, when the patient 

 lies down in bed, it sometimes happens even in the dark, that 

 the bed seems to librate under him, and he is afraid of falling 

 out of it. The same occurs to people, who are sea-sick, even 

 when they lie down in the dark. In these the irritative motions 

 of the nerves of touch, or irritative tangible ideas, are performed 

 with less energy, in one case by reverse sympathy with the sto- 

 mach, in the other by reverse sympathy with the nerves of vision, 

 and in consequence become attended with sensation, and pro- 

 duce the fear of falling by other associations. 



A vertigo of the sense of touch may be produced, if any one 

 turns round for a time with his eyes shut, and suddenly stops 



VOL. II. 3 G 



