436 DISEASES CLASS IV. 3. 1. 5. 



eiation, which intervenes between the actions of the absorbents 

 of the cold skin, and those of the intestinal absorbents; the mo- 

 tions of the latter become on that account weakened and at 

 length retrograde. The remote cause is the torpor of the ves- 

 sels of the skin catenated with the pain of fear, as explained in 

 Sect. XVI. 8. 1. 



The capillaries of the skin consent more generally by direct 

 sympathy with those of the lower intestines, and of the bladder; 

 but by reverse sympathy more generally with those of the stomach 

 and upper intestines. As appears in fevers, where the hot skin 

 accompanies indigestion of the stomach; and in diarrhoeas at- 

 tended with cold extremities. 



The remote cause is the torpor of the skin, owing to its reverse 

 sympathy with the painful sensual motions, or ideas of fear; 

 which are now actuated with great energy, so as to deprive the 

 second link of associated motions of their due share of sensorial 

 power. It is also probable that the pain of fear itself, may con- 

 tribute to exhaust the sensorial power, even when it produces no 

 muscular action. See Class IV. 2. 2. 



5. Pallor et tremor a timore. A retrograde action of the ca- 

 pillaries of the skin producing paleness, and a torpor of the mus- 

 cular fibres of the limbs occasioning trembling, are caused by 

 their reverse associations with the ideas or imaginations of fear; 

 which are now actuated with violent energy, and accompanied 

 with great pain. The cause of these associations is explained in 

 Sect. XVI. 8. 1. 



These torpid actions of the capillaries and muscles of the 

 limbs are not caused immediately by the painful sensation of 

 fear; as in that case they would have been increased and not 

 decreased actions, as occurs in anger; where the painful voli- 

 tion increases the actions of the capillaries, exciting a blush and 

 heat of the skin. Whence we may gain some knowledge of 

 what is meant by depressing and exciting passions; the former 

 consisting of ideas attended with pain, which pain occasions no 

 muscular actions, like the pain of cold ^head-ach; the latter be- 

 ing attended with volitions, and consequent muscular exertions. 

 That is, the pain of fear, and the pain of anger, are produced 

 by the exertions of certain ideas, or motions of certain nerves or 

 sense; in the former case the painful sensation of fear produces 

 no muscular actions, yet it exhausts or employs so much sensorial 

 power, that the whole system acts more feebly, or becomes 

 retrograde; but some parts of it more so than others, according 

 to their early associations described in Sect. XVI. 8. 1. hence 

 the tremor of the limbs, palpitation of heart, and even syncope. 

 In anger the painful volition produces violent musc-nlar actions: 



