470 ZOOLOGY 



471. The Social Instincts and their Result in Man. In 



the course of our studies we have found many animals that 

 recognize their kind and more or less definitely associate with 

 them. This reaches a very high plane in the bees and ants. 

 Similar social life is to be found in all the primates, but it is not 

 so well organized among the lower primates as among the ants. 



In man, even in primitive man, these social instincts are 

 well shown. They are complex, just as in the bees. They 

 involve the mating instinct, the care of young, the storing of 

 food, the finding of shelter and safety, as well as the instincts of 

 general gregariousness found in many forms. These associative 

 instincts lead to the home, to marriage, to the family, and later 

 to the larger family or group made up of the immediate kindred. 

 Thus tribes and clans and nations come to be bound together. 

 It is not claimed that this is the only way in which human socie- 

 ties may be built up, but there can be no question that it has 

 been so built up in many instances. 



In this growing complexity of society, customs and regula- 

 tions and special institutions to accomplish certain ends spring 

 up just as the division of labor arose in the bee colony. These 

 demands of society gradually mould the individuals and their 

 social ideals. Next to the hand and to language, probably the 

 social relations of man have been important in training his mind 

 and developing his brain. It is easily seen that the higher 

 qualities of man, as sympathy, love, unselfishness, heroism, and 

 self-sacrifice, are the qualities of mind, or "heart" as we some- 

 times say, that would be given prominence in the home and the 

 other really social institutions. The study of man and his 

 social life is known as Sociology. 



472. Education and its Place in Human Development 



Education is, in general, the development of the individual in 

 such a way that he will be able to adjust and to readjust himself 

 rightly, in the light of his whole nature, to the essential factors 

 of his environment. This means always to make the right re- 

 sponse to the stimuli. This adjustment has come slowly in the 

 race, step by step in the experience of each. Individual educa- 

 tion in mankind is an effort to give the child a short cut to the 



