506 ZOOLOGY 



ti cation. Different breeders have been, more or less consciously, 

 selecting different qualities in animals. Men are now pushing 

 this process even further, and are purposely and systematically 

 producing and selecting new and better breeds. The evolution 

 will be correspondingly more rapid. 



All the animal culture mentioned above is done in con- 

 nection with plant culture and often on the best land the 

 country has. There are other industries which have great 

 possibilities in regions not suited to agriculture. Man has used 

 some of the natural resources of these less used regions in a 

 very prodigal and reckless way. He has not taken pains to 

 look ahead and to act scientifically, simply because he has not 

 been compelled to do so. The time, however, has come when 

 the farmer uses systematically the less productive parts of his 

 farm as well as the more fertile. If not fit for cultivation he 

 uses it for sheep or goats or something which is best adapted 

 to it. So it must be in the future with the whole earth. The 

 oceans, the rivers, the swamps, the ponds and lakes, the arid 

 regions, and the mountains must be stocked with animals that 

 will contribute to man's food. These animals must be helped 

 to take the place of those which are of no use. This means that 

 the various fishing industries, as mackerel, cod, herring; and 

 even more particularly the fresh-water fisheries, as the salmon, 

 whitefish, and other lake and river fish, shall be more than the 

 mere catching and canning of such fish as have been able to 

 fight their own way through to successful maturity; they will 

 include the bending of all possible agencies to the building up, 

 improving, and maintaining the numbers and quality of these 

 fish. Oyster, lobster, pearl-mussel, and sponge fishing will be 

 more than merely to put on the market the biggest possible 

 amount regardless of the future; it will rather be the stocking of 

 all suitable places of the ocean margin that are not more profit- 

 ably used for something else with the young of the types wanted, 

 keeping away the enemies of the species as well as possible, and 

 doing artificially all that can be done to insure their steady and 

 profitable growth. The scientific treatment of these industries 

 means the putting on the market only those that have got their 



