SECT. XI. 2. 2. ACTIONS. 39 



fenforium, terminating in fome of the extremities of it. This 

 appears, firft, becaufe our defires and averfions always terminate 

 in recollecting and comparing our ideas, or in exerting our muf- 

 cles ; which are the motions of the extremities of the fenforium. 

 And, fecondly, becaufe defire or averfion begins, and frequently 

 continues for a time in the central parts of the fenforium, be- 

 fore it is peculiarly exerted at the extremities of it ; for we 

 fometimes feel defire or averfion without immediately knowing 

 their objects, and in confequence without immediately exerting 

 any of our mufcular or fenfual motions to attain them : as in the 

 beginning of the pafTion of love, and perhaps of hunger, or in 

 the ennui of indolent people. 



Though fenfation and volition begin to terminate at the ex- 

 tremities or central parts of the fenforium, yet the whole of it 

 is frequently influenced by the exertion of thefe faculties, as ap- 

 pears from their effects on the external habit : for the whole 

 Ikin is reddened by (hame, and an univerfal trembling is pro- 

 duced by fear : and every mufcle of the body is agitated in an- 

 gry people by the defire of revenge. 



There is another very curious circumflance, which (hews that 

 fenfation and volition are movements of the fenforium in con- 

 trary directions ; that is, that volition begins at the central parts 

 of it, and proceeds to the extremities ; and that fenfation begins 

 at the extremities and proceeds to the central parts : I mean 

 that thefe two fenforial faculties cannot be ftrongly exerted at 

 the fame time \ for when we exert our volition flrongly, we do 

 not attend to pleafure or pain ; and converfely, when \ve are 

 ilrongly affected with the fenfation of pleafure or pain, we ufe 

 no volition. As will be further explained in Section XVIII. 

 on fleep, and Section XXXIV. on volition. 



2. All our emotions and pafiions feem to arife out of the ex- 

 ertions of thefe two faculties of the animal fenforium. Pride, 

 hope, joy, are the names of particular pleafures : fhame, defpair, 

 forrow, are the names of peculiar pains : and love, ambition, 

 avarice, of particular defires : hatred, difguft, fear, anxiety, of 

 particular averfions. Whilft the paffion of anger includes the 

 pain from a recent injury, and the averfion to the adverfary that 

 occafioned it. And cotnpaflion is the pain we experience at 

 the fight of mifery, and the defire of relieving it. 



There is another tribe of defires, which is commonly term- 

 ed appetites, and are the immediate confequences of the abfence 

 of iome irritative motions. Thofe, which arife from defect of 

 internal irritations, have proper names conferred upon them, as 

 hunger, thirft, luft, and the defire of air, when our refpiration is 

 impaired by noxious vapours 5 and of warmth, when we are 



expofed 



