SECT. XXVII. 2. i. OF HEMORRHAGES. 231 



breath of thofe, who go fuddenly into cold water, is not owing 

 to the accumulation of blood in the lungs, but to the quiefcence 

 of the pulmonary capillaries from aflbciation, as explained in 

 Sedion XXXII. 3. 2. 



II. The other kind of haemorrhage is known from its being at- 

 tended with a weak pulfe,and other fymptoms of general debil- 

 ity, and very frequently occurs in thofe, who have difeafecl livers, 

 owing to intemperance in the ufe of fermented liquors. Thefe 

 conftitutions are (hewn to be liable to paralyiis of the lymphatic 

 abforbents, producing the various kinds of dropfies in Sedtion 

 XXIX. 5. Now if any branch of the venous fyftem lofes its 

 power of abforption, the part fvvells, and at length burfts and 

 difcharges the blood, which the capillaries or other glands cir- 

 culate through them. 



It fometirnes happens that the large external veins of the legs 

 burft, and eftufe their blood ; but this occurs molt frequently in 

 the veins of the inteflines, as the vena portarum is liable to fuf- 

 fer from a fchirrus of the liver oppofing the progreflion of the 

 blood, which is abforbed from the interlines. Hence the piles 

 are a fymptom of hepatic obltruclion, and hence the copious 

 difcharges downwards or upwards of a black material, which 

 has been called melancholia, or black bile ; but is no oi her than 

 the blood, which is probably difcharged from the veins of the 

 inte (lines. 



J.F.Msckel, in his Experiments deFinibus Vaforum,publiflied 

 at Berlin, 1772, mentions his difcovery of a communication of 

 a lymphatic veflel with the gaftric branch of the vena portarum. 

 It is poflible, that when the motion of the lymphatic becomes 

 retrograde in jfome difeafes, blood may obtain a paflage into it, 

 where it anaftomofes with the vein, and thus be poured into the 

 inteitines. A difcharge of blood with the urine fometirnes at- 

 tends diabetes, and may have its fource in the fame manner. 



Mr. A , who had been a hard drinker, and had the 



gutta rofacea on his face and bread, after a (broke of the palfy 

 voided near a quart of a black vifcid material by ftool : on di- 

 luting it with water it did not become yellow, as it muft have 

 done if it had been infpiflated bile, but continued black like the 

 grounds of coffee. 



But any other part of the venous fyftem may become quiefcent 

 or totally paralytic as well as the veins of the inteftines: all which 

 occur more frequently in thofe who have difeafed livers, than in 

 any others. Hence troublefome bleedings of the nofe, or from the 

 lungs with a weak pulfejhsnce haemorrhages from the kidneys, 

 too great menftruation ; and hence the oozing of blood from 

 every part of the body, and the petechiae in thofe fevers, which 



are 



