24 Descriptive Zoology. 



grape phylloxera, so injurious to the grapevine. The scale bugs, or 

 bark lice, are very injurious to trees ; some of them are among the worst y 

 pests of the fruit grower, and tax his utmost ingenuity to prevent their 

 spreading. The females are scalelike, and sometimes to be seen project- 

 ing from beneath the scale is the cottony egg cluster so frequently 

 observed on maples. 



Two kinds of bugs are worthy of mention as useful to man, the 

 cochineal insect, furnishing a dye, and the lac insect, from which we get 

 shellac. Lastly we refer to the parasitic Hemiptera, such as the vari- 

 ous forms of lice, bedbugs, etc. Most of these forms are very degen- 

 erate in their structure, having lost their wings as a result of their 

 parasitic habits. 



Characteristics of Hemiptera. The mouth parts form a 

 piercing and sucking tube ; the prothorax is prominent ; 

 fore wings often thickened at the base ; many are ill-smell- 

 ing ; development direct. 



ORDER NEUROPTERA. 



The order Neuroptera is a small order. The only ex- 

 ample here presented is the ant lion (Figs. 15 and 16). 



FIG. 15. ANT LION, ADULT. FIG. 16. ANT LION, LARVA. 



From Hyatt's Insecta. 



