Mammalia. 



Duodenu 



apes have a language. The name orang-utan means " man 

 of the woods." Anatomists do not agree as to which is 

 nearer man, the chimpanzee or the gorilla. It must be 

 borne in mind that in the animal world classification is 

 based on structure, and that the zoological point of view 

 does not take into con- 

 sideration the intellectual, Gullct 

 moral, or spiritual quali- stomach 

 ties. 



Characteristics of Mam- 

 mals. (i) Mammals have 

 a hairy covering. (2) The 

 young are born alive. 

 (3) The young are nour- 

 ished by milk from mam- 

 mary' glands. (4) There 

 is a diaphragm separating 

 the body cavity into 

 thorax and abdomen. 

 (5) All have teeth set in 

 sockets. (6) Two pairs of 

 limbs are usually present. 



(7) There are usually 

 seven cervical vertebrae. 



(8) The lower jaw articu- 

 lates directly with the 

 skull and not by the inter- 

 vention of a separate bone 



(quadrate bone) as in birds. (9) There is an epiglottis 

 covering the opening (glottis) to the windpipe. (10) The 

 blood is warm, and of a nearly constant temperature. 

 (11) The heart is completely divided by a partition into 

 right and left halves. 



FIG. 166. 



Rectum 



STOMACH AND INTESTINES 

 OF MAN. 



