xii Introduction. 



If water-color drawings are to be made, first draw the outlines 

 in black ink. After this is dry, paint in the water color. Do 

 not use colored pencil crayons. Only solid organs, such as the 

 liver, should be represented in solid color. Hollow organs, 

 such as the digestive tube, should be represented in outline to 

 show that they are open. The following colors may be taken 

 to represent the different systems : arteries, red ; veins, blue ; 

 digestive tube, brown ; liver, green ; kidneys, purple ; lungs, 

 pink ; nervous system, gray ; reproductive glands, orange. 



Do not be discouraged if your first drawings do not satisfy 

 you. Drawing requires time and patience. Without these even 

 the most gifted artist produces nothing worthy. The majority 

 of students say at first, " I can't draw." After some sugges- 

 tions, and a little practice, almost every one can show creditable 

 results. The first thing is to see dearly. See each line in the 

 specimen, and make each mark in your mind, before you put it 

 on paper. In such simple drawings as are here required, failure 

 to draw well, after a little experience, usually indicates failure to 

 see well. It is more head work than hand work. Perhaps the 

 best definition of drawing is that given by the little girl who said 

 " drawing is thinking, and then marking around the think." 



Dissecting. The instruments needed are : a pair of scissors, 

 a pair of forceps with roughened 'tips that will hold objects 

 securely, a scalpel, a cartilage knife, a blowpipe, two dissecting 

 needles, and a lens. The needles may be made by thrusting the 

 eye end of a strong needle into a wooden handle. These in- 

 struments are usually sold in sets in a convenient carrying case ; 

 the cloth-lined leatherette cases are more compact than the 

 wooden boxes. The cutting instruments should be kept sharp, 

 for which a small oilstone is desirable. Often the reason why 

 scissors do not cut is because they are loose at the joint. They 

 should sharply snip a hair, or thin paper, at the very tip of the 

 blades. Avoid straining the scissors by trying to cut tough or 

 hard objects near the tip ; cut such things near the joint. Use 

 the cartilage knife for the rougher work, where you are likely to 



