IO2 Practical Zoology. 



head. As in the frog, there are two aortae, the right and left, 

 which unite posteriorly. 



4. Make out the following order of the heart's beat : 



a. The contraction of the blood tubes leading to the auricles. 



b. The contraction of the auricles. 



c. The contraction of the ventricle. 



5. On each side of the heart appears the dark liver, consisting 

 of two main lobes, connected by a cross-band. Search the liver 

 to find the bile sac. 



6. Under the left lobe of the liver is the stomach. 



7. From the stomach trace the intestine to the transverse vent 

 under the tail. 



8. Masses of eggs may be found in the ovary (if a female). 



9. Find a large bladder near the pelvis. 



10. Raise the liver to find the lungs ; pull forward the neck, 

 find the windpipe, and insert a blowpipe. By inflating, the lungs 

 may be better seen. When the lungs are fully inflated, tie a string 

 tightly around the windpipe ; carefully remove the lungs, and hang 

 them up to dry. When they are thoroughly dry and firm, cut them 

 across, and compare with the lungs of the frog and rabbit. 



11. How does the turtle draw in its head? 



12. How long does the heart beat after the head is cut off? 



THE SKELETON OF THE TURTLE. 



1. Clean away the muscles and all soft parts. Boiling loosens 

 the outer plates ; these are parts of the skin, and not of the skeleton 

 proper ; they are called the epidermal plates. 



2. When these plates are removed from the carapace, there 

 appears a series of bones extending outward on each side ; these 

 are the ribs, very wide, and united by their edges. How many of 

 these flattened ribs are there? 



3. On looking at the inner surface of the carapace, the series 

 of vertebrae will be found ; and attached to the sides of the bodies 

 of these vertebrae are the heads of the ribs. 



4. Along the middle line of the outside of the carapace, between 



