circuit around the Pacific Ocean (Fig. 26). The subalpine warbler 

 and red-backed shrikes perform loop migrations between Europe 

 and Africa. Both pass much farther to the east in the spring than in 

 the fall (Moreau 1961). The Arctic loon travels south across inland 

 Russia to southern Europe but returns to its Arctic breeding grounds 

 via the Gulf Stream on the sea because this water is open much 

 earlier in the spring than the inland waterways (Welty 1962). 



Bass Strait Breeding Area 

 Migration Route 

 Museum Specimen 



Short -Tailed Shearwater 



Figure 26. Migration route of the short-tailed shearwater. An example of an incredi- 

 bly large loop migration pattern in a pelagic species. Breeding adults return to two 

 islands in Bass Strait during the last part of October after completing a figure-eight 

 circuit of the northern Pacific Ocean (From Serventy 1953). 



86 



