populations (Fig. 28). In the eastern population, a sharp change in 

 direction occurs at their major feeding and resting areas in North 

 Dakota. After the birds arrive from the Arctic breeding grounds, 

 they proceed east-southeast to their wintering grounds on 

 Chesapeake Bay. In the western population, thousands of birds 

 migrate from the Alaskan breeding grounds to the large marshes 

 along Great Salt Lake. Then after a major stopover, this population 

 heads west over the mountains to California. 



Fall Migration of 

 Western Population 



Fall Migration of 

 Eastern Population 



Figure 28. Distribution and migration routes of whistling swans in North America. 

 Birds from the central arctic head south to North Dakota before proceeding east to 

 Chesapeake Bay, while many Alaskan breeders migrate to Great Salt Lake before 

 turning west to winter in California (After Sladen, 1973). 



89 



