214 BRITISH SHEEP AND SHEPHERDING. 



hip and the last rib on the animal's left side. Linseed or olive oil 

 with ten to forty drops of carbolic acid should be administered by 

 the mouth. Careful feeding for a time will probably restore the 

 distended rumen to its normal powers. 



PLENALVIA OR DISTENSION OF PAUNCH. 



Instead of gas, the rumen is sometimes distended with food, 

 which has accumulated and more or less paralysed the stomach. 



Symptoms. Enlarged flank, more particularly on the left 

 side. Hard and compressible, giving a dough-like feeling to the 

 hand, and slowly refilling as compared with tympany or hoven, 

 which see. 



Treatment, Frequent small doses of salts, ginger, and nux 

 vomica, in warm ale or cider, alternated with linseed oil. Aperients 

 act much better when accompanied with the cordials or true 

 stimulants named. Mustard, pimento, caraways oroth er cordials 

 may be employed by way of change. A veterinary surgeon will 

 operate through the flank and take away two-thirds of the contents 

 under the nearest aseptic conditions obtainable ; but sheep do 

 not bear this ruminotomy so well as cattle, and it is a rather 

 desperate resource. 



FARDEL BOUND. 



The impaction and stoppage commonly attributed to the fardel 

 or maniplies is often in another compartment, and the leaves of 

 the fardel are normally dry as compared with the contents of the 

 other sections of the stomach. Symptoms vary from failure to eat 

 and a grunt or grinding of the teeth, to staggering and mental 

 derangement. Purging, bleeding, and change of food is the 

 treatment needed. 



WOOL BALLS AND CONCRETIONS OR STONES. 



The felting together of wool and undigested fibre, mixed with 

 particles of earth and sand, occurs from time to time in flocks, and 

 if the history of the flock is carefully inquired into it is found that 

 during a period of short commons the animals have devoured much 

 woody and innutritious material, or from indigestion arising out 

 of other causes have consumed the things of which the balls are 

 composed. 



Symptoms are dullness and loss of appetite and standing about 

 alone in a more or less dazed or absent-minded manner, with, later 

 on, heaving of the flank. Bezoars are found in the fourth stomach 

 or abomasum ; they are reddish in colour, and with a smooth 

 velvet-like surface. 



