patrons of the dual purpose type which today means the Milking 

 Shorthorn. 



It is argued, and rightly so, that representatives of the Milk- 

 ing Shorthorn will yield quite as much milk as the average dairy 

 cow found on the average dairy farm; that her calf can be profit- 

 ably grown and developed into a beef steer and that when the 

 cow's usefulness as a producer of milk is ended, she can be turn- 

 ed into the fattening yard where in a very short time she de- 

 velopes a condition of fleshing that is very attractive to the 

 butcher who is willing to pay quite as much per pound for such a 

 cow as he pays for the general run of beef steers. 



Rather than join the army of canners that is recruited from 

 most dairy farms she is able to enlist in the regular beef making 

 forces. True enough she will not produce as much prime meat 

 as the strictly beef animal nor as much milk as the strictly dairy 

 bred type, but she will yield quite as much milk and fat as do the 

 representatives of the prevailing breeds and in addition, produce 

 a calf that is a real asset rather than a mere nuisance. 



On many Eastern farms there are vast areas of rough land 

 well suited for pasture purposes that are not being utilized. 

 Experience has convinced the dairy farmer that he cannot feed 

 milk worth ten cents per quart to a dairy calf, the value of which 

 is based upon the price the youngster will bring in the local mar- 

 ket for veal or beef. On the other hand, it is evident that the 

 British farmer in his stock breeding operations, carried on where 

 land values are a great deal higher, does not stop to argue this 

 question, largely because he knows that there is a genuine de- 

 mand for the kind of beef that these Shorthorn calves make when 

 properly developed and he goes on about his business regardless 

 of feeding costs and labor shortage. Unless the Eastern farmer 

 adopts the English system of intensive farming and produces on 

 his own farm the bulk of feed stuffs required to grow and finish 

 his animals; unless he abandons certain practices that have led 

 him to believe he is a large operator because he does a relatively 

 large amount of business, irrespective of net returns, or lest he 

 breaks away from patronizing the local feed dealer that claims 

 and receives a generous percentage of his 50c dollar, it is 



