cows, if not forced in their younger days, but kept in a thrifty con- 

 dition. Bull calves we feed new milk as long as we can spare it, 

 as it is an important factor that the bull carry good flesh and at 

 all times be in good saleable condition as the demand for our 

 bulls is from two months old and up and purchasers expect a 

 calf in good condition to start with. We often note with regret 

 the condition of the calves is not maintained afterward, many a 

 good calf leaving our herd and paid a good price for is neglected. 

 The purchaser thinking he has done all that is required by giving 

 a good price, expects his calf to develop into a show bull with- 

 out looking after him. 



Our heifer calves we keep on separated milk as long as we 

 have it to spare, not turning them out at all until over six or 

 eight months old, when we keep feeding them a little grain in 

 paddocks around the farm until two years old. We find if turned 

 away as yearlings without grain during the summer that they 

 depreciate so that it takes them a long time to pick up to face 

 the winter. This of course depends on the condition of the pas- 

 ture. When the pasture is luxurious and sweet they can prob- 

 ably go without grain for several months, but with us on our 

 sandy soil, the grass does not last well over three weeks. 



We do not care to breed them before they are two years old. 

 We either turn a bull out to pasture with them, or if in winter, 

 in a yard covered on three sides with an open shed. In the yard 

 we do not pamper them at all, giving them an ample supply of 

 roughage with very little grain. We keep them on this diet 

 until sure they are well forward with calf when we take them in 

 daily and grain them, thus getting them quiet and easy to han- 

 dle, ready for milking when they calve. We grow as many 

 mangles as possible and we find that this is not a bit more ex- 

 pensive crop to grow than corn. Beet seed may be put in with 

 a corn planter and after once being thinned as required they are 

 cultivated exactly the same as corn and there is no question as 

 to their feeding value over silage. They should be planted by 

 May 10th in Ohio and harvested before the first severe frost. 



Water is an important element to help the cattle and in this 

 respect we have fresh water for our calves from the first week, 



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