166 MILK AND ITS HYGIENIC RELATIONS 



about four days. All trouble ceased, however, after the addition 

 of sodium chloride, and the calves did excellently upon the boiled 

 milk. After about a year, calves fed by this method again began 

 to do badly, and it was ascertained that the salt had been omitted. 

 These facts are very interesting, especially in conjunction with the 

 experiments of Hittcher, recorded below. 



The experiments of Price, and of Doane and Price in America, 

 certainly point to there being a disadvantage in the sterilisation 

 of cows' milk. This food produced diarrhoea in some of the calves 

 used. 



Calves were also fed upon raw, boiled or pasteurised milk and 

 sterilised milk, by Price, who found that the calves fed upon raw 

 milk did the best. Four calves were used, and were fed for three 

 days at a time upon the different forms of milk. Sterilised milk 

 produced scouring in three out of the four calves. This milk was 

 heated to 190 F. for half an hour. 



No data are given as to the age of the calf or the amount of 

 milk given. 



One of the calves was found to digest the sterilised milk as 

 well as the other forms of milk. 



H. H. Dean carried out some work upon calves fed upon 

 raw and pasteurised skim milk. He used four calves ; two were 

 fed for the first four weeks of the experiment upon raw, and two 

 upon pasteurised milk. After a week's interval the feeding was 

 reversed, and those which had received raw milk now received 

 pasteurised milk and vice versa. The calves also received other 

 food. The weights of the calves and the weight of food taken 

 were recorded. Dean concluded that no difference between the 

 two kinds of feeding could be detected, and recommended the 

 pasteurising of skim milk before it is given to calves. 



A successful campaign has been waged in Denmark against 

 tuberculosis, under the auspices of Prof. Bang of Copenhagen, by 

 the simple process of boiling the milk of tuberculous cows before 

 giving it to the calves. Unfortunately no data as to the weight 

 or rate of growth of the calves during the course of the feeding 

 with boiled milk are available. I am informed by Prof. Bang 

 that the method has now been applied in many hundreds of cases, 

 and has been found to be entirely satisfactory. The calves are 

 taken away from the tuberculous mother at birth, and are fed 

 for two days upon raw cows' milk, after which they receive the 

 milk of their tuberculous mother, either boiled or raised to a 

 temperature of 80 C. 



Hittcher has carried out some important work upon the 

 value of boiled and raw cows' milk as a food for calves, with and 

 without the addition of certain salts. He first ascertained which 

 salts would restore to boiled milk the property of clotting with 

 rennet. He then performed a series of experiments in the course 

 of which seventy-two calves were fed upon raw and boiled milk, 



