182 MILK AND ITS HYGIENIC RELATIONS 



whose growth is being investigated. The milk of one species of 

 mammal is by no means always suitable for the young of another 

 species. This appears again in the experiments upon kittens, which 

 will be described immediately. 



Experiments on Kittens. Chamouin (1892) took kittens thirty 

 to forty days old, and fed them on raw and boiled cows' milk, three 

 kittens on each kind of milk. There was also a control breast-fed 

 kitten. The experiment lasted twelve days. The control kitten 

 put on 560 grammes in weight. The kittens fed on raw cows' milk 

 put on 172 grammes, and the kittens fed upon boiled cows' milk 

 put on 349 grammes each. It seems, however, that the artificially- 

 fed kittens were not in a good state of health, and that not im- 

 probably had the experiment lasted much longer the artificially- 

 fed kittens would have died. 



From some work carried out by Griinbaum for the Local Govern- 

 ment Board (referred to in the Annual Report of the Medical 

 Officer to the Board for 1906), it seems fairly evident that cows' 

 milk is not a suitable substitute for mother's milk for kittens, 

 until they have reached an age when mother's milk is no longer 

 necessary. 



Vincent (1911) has carried out some experiments upon kittens. 

 These experiments as such do not come within the scope of this 

 report ; but since he deduces from them that boiled milk is harmful 

 for babies, brief mention must be made of them. 



The kittens taken were of the age of two months, and the feeding 

 was carried out by the animal attendant. Milk was brought from 

 the Infants' Hospital, and after the milk had been raised to 200 F. 

 it was incubated for twenty-four hours at 85 F. In most of the 

 series the milk, after heating, was inoculated with special organisms, 

 the action of which it was desired to study. 



No kittens appear to have been fed upon raw milk to act as 

 control animals to those fed upon this form of milk, but it is stated 

 that the infants in the hospital who were fed upon raw milk acted 

 as controls to the kittens fed on other forms of milk at the Lister 

 Institute. 



All the kittens fed upon these foods died. It is clear that no 

 kitten was fed upon boiled milk as ordinarily meant by the term, 

 since even where there had been no inoculation of the milk, it 

 was incubated for twenty-four hours before administration and 

 therefore not comparable with milk which, in accordance with usual 

 practice, is boiled and used very shortly afterwards. 



None of the experiments on kittens seem to have given results 

 upon which any reasonable deductions can be based in regard to 

 the relative nutritive value of raw and boiled cows' milk as a food 

 for either infants or kittens. 



Experiments on Pigs. Briining (3) carried out experiments 

 upon young pigs. 



The litter used consisted of seven pigs. Pigs A, B, C were 



