APPENDIX B 311 



Figures have also been published by Finkelstein and others ; 

 further abundant material is available in the numerous institutions in 

 foreign countries where wet-nurses are employed. All however show 

 the same point, and this need not be further expanded. 



2. Budin gives, in the table on the preceding page, the quantities 

 of milk given by a wet-nurse feeding varying numbers of children. 



REFERENCES 



BUDIN, The Nursling, Appendices II and III, pp. 166-172, English 



translation. 



FINKELSTEIN, Die W aisensduglinge Berlins. Berlin 1904. 

 SCHLOSSMANN, ' Zur Frage jler natiirlichen Sauglingsernahrung,' Arch. /. 



Kinderh. 1900, xxx. 324". 



APPENDIX B 



ON THE SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANISM IN RELATION 

 TO THE METHOD OF FEEDING IN EARLY LIFE 



THE high infant mortality rate occurring among artificially-fed children 

 as compared with breast-fed children has been referred to in Chap. VIII. 

 This investigation reaches only up to the second year of life. 

 Recently it has been forcibly realised that it is not sufficient to study 

 the infant and its well-being up to the second year of life only, but 

 that the future fate must be followed equally closely. It is important 

 that the condition of the children should be known not only up to 

 and during school age, but it would be of great interest to ascertain 

 the effect of the method of feeding (natural or artificial) upon the next 

 generation. The study of actual mortality figures would not suffice. 

 It would be necessary to determine what effect the method of feeding 

 might have upon general well-being in later life. Such an investiga- 

 tion is complicated by a number of factors which render any complete 

 work one of great difficulty For example, it must be supposed that 

 the general environment will greatly affect the well-being of the 

 child. The advantages of breast-feeding in the early months may, 

 it must be supposed, be completely counteracted by disadvantageous 

 home conditions, such as insufficient food, lack of air-space, general 

 absence of cleanliness, &c., while the artificially-fed child, placed 

 in good surroundings, is probably to a great extent compensated 

 for the disadvantages of its feeding. Unless these factors were 

 taken into consideration, the results which might be obtained by 

 ascertaining the early method of feeding and the general condition of 

 health of the individual in later life would almost certainly be mis- 

 leading. Certain very general statements have been made by observers 

 in different countries upon the capacity for breast-feeding among certain 

 tribes or sections of the community in different parts of Europe, but 

 none of these investigations appear to have been supported by any 

 definite evidence. The observations appear to have been made from 



