STANDARD ORCHARD TREES. 109 



drop shutter the whole length of the front. Now 

 comes the management by which red spider, the 

 deadly foe of the peach tree, is discomfited ; and let 

 me quote Mr. Murrel : 



" All these ventilators, back and front, I leave open 

 day and night after May, except in very wet and 

 rough weather. The first season I had the red spider 

 (it was in the walls), but the fruit was of the highest 

 flavor ; the second season the fruit was very fine, and 

 the spiders never came, I believe, owing entirely to 

 my syringing the trees twice a day, morning and 

 afternoon, and leaving all the ventilators open ; be- 

 sides this, the boards have shrunk, so that there are 

 wide crevices, and the place is always airy. I thank 

 you for your hints about giving plenty of air ; the 

 trees are admired by all who see them." 



The roof, it will be seen, is fixed, and the whole 

 structure a fixture; the trees can be pruned and 

 nailed under shelter, and a crop of fruit always in- 

 sured ; how superior, then, is this to all the tempo- 

 rary protectors for walls so often recommended ! 



STANDARD ORCHARD TREES. 



Although in this little work I profess to confine 

 myself to the culture of garden fruit trees, I feel that 

 a few words as to my method of planting trees in an 

 orchard under grass may not be out of place, for very 

 frequently a villa residence may have a piece of pas- 

 ture land attached to it favorable to the growth of 

 orchard trees, and quite necessary as a convenient 

 place for the cow or the horse or horses. The com- 

 mon practice is to open large holes in the turf, six 



