112 THE MINIATURE FRUIT GARDEN. 



stony subsoil; third, loams resting on clay these 

 should be drained. Light sandy loams, with a subsoil 

 of sand, chalk, and gravel, are not adapted for stand- 

 ard orchard trees, unless the staple of loam is from 

 three to four feet thick. 



PROPER DISTANCES FOR PLANTING PYRAMIDAL AND 

 OTHEK FRUIT TRKES. 



Pyramidal pear trees and bushes on quince stocks, 

 to be cultivated as root-pruned trees, for small gar- 

 dens, four feet apart. 



The same, in larger gardens, not root-pruned, six 

 feet apart. 



Pyramidal pear trees on the pear stock, root-pruned, 

 six feet apart. 



The same, roots not pruned, eight to ten feet the 

 latter if the soil be very rich. 



Horizontal espalier pear trees on the quince stock, 

 for rails or walls, ten feet apart. 



Upright espaliers on the quince stock, for rails or 

 walls, four to six feet apart. 



Horizontal espaliers on the pear stock, for rails or 

 walls, twenty feet apart. 



Pyramidal plum trees, six feet apart. 



Espalier plum trees, twenty feet apart. 



Pyramidal and bush apple trees on the Paradise 

 stock, root-pruned, for small gardens, three to four 

 feet apart. 



The same, roots not pruned, four to six feet apart. 



Espalier apple trees on the Paradise stock, fifteen 

 feet apart. 



The -same on the crab stock, twenty feet apart. 



