(land plaster), may be used for litter. The relative value of the ^^°^ *°'" 



manure is diminished by the use of too much litter, but on the 



contrary, if insufficient absorbent material is used, too much ^57 

 moisture prevents fermentation and the consequent chemical 

 changes in the nitrogenous constituents of the manure. 



The best method for the management of __ ^ , 



r , 111- Management of 



farmyard manure is to make and keep it _, \t j 



, ■' 11 I 11 • Farm- Yard 



under cover, in sheds, or better still, in __ 



IVIflTiiirp 



covered pits from which there can be no 

 loss by drainage. It should also be kept sufficiently moist, 

 and by the addition of charcoal, peat, or vegetable refuse 

 and gypsum the volatilization of ammonia may be reduced 

 to a minimum. Manure so made is worth 50 per cent, more 

 than that thrown into a heap in the barnyard to be leached 

 by the storms of months before being spread upon the land. 



Where pits cannot be provided the manure pile should 

 rest upon a hard, clay bottom, or on a thick layer of peat or 

 vegetable refuse, which acts as an absorbent and prevents 

 the loss of much liquid manure. 



The time-honored custom of hauling manure upon the 



land and of dumping it in small heaps from two to three 



feet in height, is a wasteful and clumsy practice that should 



be abandoned by every farmer. 



A simple and effectual way of disposing _ _ 

 /- , . r ., f ■ ^ r to Farm Sewage 



ot the night-soil on a rarm is to so construct _. . 



the closet that the urine will at once drain 

 to a lower level, and there be mixed with an equal quantity 

 of quicklime. The solid excrement should be covered daily 

 with a small quantity of quicklime mixed with a little fine 

 charcoal or peat. Such a receptacle can be made by any 

 farmer at comparatively little cost, and will more than com- 

 pensate for the care it entails by doing away with ill-smelling 

 odors and the disagreeable and often dangerous task of 

 cleaning vaults, besides furnishing a -very rich manurial 

 product for admixture with farm-yard manure or compost. 

 Such receptacle should be made in the form of a shallow 

 drawer or box with an inclined bottom, and should rest upon 

 stout runners like a stone boat or drag, so that, at frequent 

 intervals, it can be drawn by a horse to the manure pile or 

 compost heap. 



On the bottom of the drawer should be kept a thin layer 

 of quick-lime mixed with peat, wood-pile dirt, or loam. 



