CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XXXVir. 



THEANTARCTICOCEAN. 



Comparative View of tiie Antarctic and Arctic Regions.— Inferiority of Climate of the former.— Its 

 Causes.— Tlie New Shetland Islands.— South Georgia.— The Peruvian Stream.— Sea-birds.— The Gi- 

 ant Petrel.— The Albatross.— The Penguin.— The Austral Whale.— The Hunchback.- The Fin-back. 

 —The Grampus.— Battle with a Whale.— Tlie Sea-elephant.— The Southern Sea-bear.- The Sea- 

 leopard. — Antarctic Fishes Page 391 



CHAPTER XXXVIII. 



ANTARCTIC VOYAGKS OF DISCOVERY. 



Cook's Discoveries in the Antarctic Ocean.— Bellinghausen.—Weddell — Biscoe.— Balleny.— Dumont 

 d'Urville.— Wilkes.— Sir James Ross crosses the Antarctic Circle on New Year's Dayj 1841.— Dis- 

 covers Victoria Land.— Dangerous Landing on Franklin Island.— An Eruption of Mount Erebus.— 

 The Great Ice Barrier.— Providential Escape.— Dreadful Gale.— Collision.— Hazardous Passage be- 

 tween two Icebergs.— Termination of the Voyage 401 



CHAPTER XXXIX. 



THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN, 



Description of the. Strait.— Western Entrance.— Point Dungeness.— The Narrows.— Saint Philip's Bay. 

 —Cape Froward.—Grand Scenery.- Port Famine.— The Sedger River.— Darwin's Ascent of Mount 

 Tarn.— The Bachelor River.— English Reach.— Sea Reach.— South Desolation.— Harboi- of Mercy.— 

 Williwijws.— Discovery of the Strait by Magellan (October 20, 1521).— Drake.— Sarmiento.— Cav- 

 endish.— Schouten and Le Maire.— Byron.— Bougainville.— Wallis and Carteret.— King and Fitz- 

 -Settlement at Punta Arenas.— Increasing Passage through the Strait.— A future Highway of 

 408 



roy.- 

 Commcrce , 



CHAPTER XL. 



PATAGONIA AND THE PATAGONIANS. 



Difference of Climate between East and West Patagonia.— Extraordinary Aridily of East Patagonia.— 

 Zoology.— The Guanaco.— The Tucutuco.— The Patagonian Agouti.— -Vultures.— The Turkey-buz- 

 zard.— The Carrancha.— The Chimango.— Darwin's Ostrich. —The Patagonians.— Exaggerated Ac- 

 counts of their Stature.— Their Physiognomy and Dress. — Religious Ideas.— Superstitions.— Astro- 

 nomical Knowledge.— Division into Tribes.— The Tent, or Toldo.— Trading Routes.— The great 

 Cacique.— Introduction of the Horse.— Industry. — Amusements. — Character 417 



CHAPTER XLI. 



THE FDEGI AN S. 



Their miserable Condition. — Degradation of Body and Mind. — Powers of Mimicry. — Notions of Barter. 

 —Causes of their low State of Cultivation. — Their Food.— Limpets. — Cyttaria Darioini.— Constant 

 Migrations. — The Fuegian Wigwam.— Weapons. — Their probable Origin. — Their Number, and va- 

 rious Tribes.— Constant Feuds. — Cannibalism.— Language.— Adventures of Fuegia Basket, Jemmy 

 Button, and York Minster.— Missionary Labors.— Captain Gardiner.— His lamentable End. . . . 425 



CHAPTER XLII. 



CHARLES FRANCIS HALL AND THE INNUITS. 



Hall's Expedition.— His early Life.— His reading of Arctic Adventure.— His Resolve.— His Arctic Out- 

 iit.— Sets sail on the "George Henrj^."- The Voyage.— Kudlago.—Holsteinborg, Greenland.— Pop- 

 ulation of Greenland.— Sails for Davis's Strait.— Character of the Innuits.— Wreck of the "Rescue." 

 — Ebierbing and Tookoolito.— Their Visit to England.— Hall's first Exploration.— European and In- 

 nuit Life in the Arctic Regions.— Building an Igloo.— Almost Starved.— Fight for Food with Dogs. 

 —Ebierbing arrives with a Seal.— How he caught it.— A Seal-feast.— The Innuits and Seals.— The 

 Polar Bear.— How he teaches the Innuits to catch Seals.— At a Seal-hole.— Dogs as Seal-iinnters.— 

 Dogs and Bears.— Dogs and Reindeers.— Innuits and Walruses.— More about Igloos.— Innuit Imple- 

 ments.— Uses of the Reindeer. — Innuit Improvidence. — A Deer-feast.— A frozen Delicacy.— Whale- 

 skin as Food.— Whale-gum.— How to eat Whale Ligament. — Raw Meat. —The Dress of the Innuits. 



