474 



INDEX. 



Fritillaria Sarrana, used as food in Kamchatka, 258. 

 Frobisher, Jlartin, his endeavors to discover an 



Arctic passage to India, 337. 



, discovery of relics of, 466. 



, his subsequent career, 337. 



Froward, Cape, scenery of, 410. 

 Frozen sailor, 464. 

 Fruits of the Arctic regions, 24. 

 Fuego, Tierra del, climate of, 393. 



, origin of the name, 413. 



, Captain Fitzroj'^s survey of, 415. 



, account of the Fuegians, 425. 



, degradation of the Fuegians, 425, 426. 



, their powers as mimics, 426. 



, their notions of trade, 427. 



, causes of their low state of civilization, 427. 



, their food, 428. 



, their dress, huts, arms, and ornaments, 428, 



429. 



, their cannibalism, 430. 



, their language, 430. 



, Captain Fitzroy's three Fuegians, 430, 431. 



— — , missionary labors, 431. 



, Captain Gardiner, 431. 



Fuel, kinds of, used in Iceland, 89. 



Fur, account of the Russian Fur Company, and its 



operations, 272. 

 , account of the fur-trade of the Hudson's Bay 



Company, 304 et seq. 



, trade in, at the fair of Obdorsk, 189. 



of Siberia, 208. 



, importance of the trade in, 212. 



of the Tchuktchi, 264. 



Gabriel Channel, williwaws of, 412. 



Gadflies which attack the reindeer, 38. 



Galictis vittata, the, of Patagonia, 418. 



Gambling of the Cree Indians, 324. 



Gardar, the northern pirate, his the first circum- 

 navigation of Iceland, 90. 



Gardar's Holm, or Gadar's Island, Iceland so called, 

 90. 



Gardiner, Captain, his mission to Fuegia, and mel- 

 ancholy end. 431. 



Gawrilow, produce of the gold mine of, 218. 



Geese, wild, of the Arctic legions, 19. 



, snow, their migrations to and from the jiorth, 



43. 



of Iceland, 81. 



"George Henry," the ship. 436. 



George, St., climate of the island of, 270. 



, sea-lions and guillemots of, 271. 



Georgia, South, discover^' of, 393. 



Germany, the elk or moose-deer of, in the time of 

 Cfesar, 39. 



Geysir, the Great, description of the, 71. 



Gheritz, Dirck, his discovery of the New Shetland 

 Islands, 392. 



Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, takes possession of New- 

 foundland, .379. 



Ginklofi, or children's disease, in the Westman 

 Islands, 118. 



Gissur, his work on his voyages to the East, 94. 



, the Icelander, his loarning and travels, 98. 



Gjas, or chasms, in Iceland, 76, 77. 



Glacier, the great, in the Gulf of Fenas, 394. 



Glaciers, enormous dimensions of the, of the polar 

 regions, 50. 



Glaciers of Magdalena Bay, 135 ; ice cliffs and ava- 

 lanches of, 135. 



of the Beerenberg mountain, 146. 



Glottoff, Stephen, his discovery of Kadiak, 202. 



Gloves, reindeer, of Tornea, 37. 



Glutton, or wolverine, strength and fierceness of 



the, 37. 

 Glutton, its attack of the reindeer, 37, 38. 



, its voracity, 38. 



, found in Taimurland, 227. 



, those of North America, 316. 



, value and uses of the fur of the, 316. 



Gnats, legions of, in the forests and swamps, 26. 

 Goda-foss. the, an Icelandic cascade, 78. 

 Gold diggings of Eastern Siberia, 208. 



! , description of the gold-fields, 214. 



I Gomez, his voyages of discovery, 335. 



Goose, bean (^Anser segetuni), of Nova Zembla, 155. 

 i Goose, Brent, its migrations to and from tlie north, 



43. 

 I , its rapid flight, 43. 



Graah, Captain, bis explorations of the coast of 

 Greenland, 386. 



Graham Land, discovery of, 401. 



Grampus, or ore (^Delphinus orca), description of 

 the, 62. 



, his ferocity and mode of ploughing the seas, 



(52. 



of Nova Zembla, 155. 



of the Antarctic Ocean, 398. 



• , conflict of one with a whale, 398. 



Grasses, tufted, of the Arctic regions, 20. 



of the treeless zone, 21. 



, paramount importance of the grasses in Ice- 

 land, 79. 



of Taimurland, 226. 



Greenland, vast ice-fields of, 27. 



, proofs of a former milder climate in, 29. 



, enormous dimensions of the glaciers of, 50. 



, the, whale, 60. 



, transparency of the water on the coast of, 59. 



, abundance of animal life in the seas of, GO. 



, walruses of the coasts of the north of, 64. 



, Kane's sledge journey along the coast of, 367. 



• , unknown extent of, 382. 



, ancient Scandinavian colonists of, 382. 



, the name of, given to it, 382. 



, introduction of Christianity in, 382. 



, decline and fall of the country, 383. 



. subsequent explorations of, 383. 



, Hans Egede, tlie pastor, his voyage to, 384. 



, foundation of Godthaab in, 384. 



, arrival of Herrenhuth missionaries in, 384. 



, explorations of the coast of, 385.. 



, present Danish settlements of, 386. 



, scantv population of, 386. 



, mode'of life of the people of, 386, 387, 389. 



, fisheries of, 388. 



^ , poorness of the land in, 388. 



, quantities of drift-wood at, 388. 



, minerals of, 389. 



, Christianity in, 389. 



. climate, mountains, and fjords of, 389. 



, ice-caves of the coast of, 390. 



, the capital of, 4.37. 



Grecnlanders, their discovery of, and colonies in 

 America, 335. 



, destruction of their colonies, 335. 



, their habits, 437. 



Greitfenfeld, his imprisonment in Munkholm, 124. 



Grinds. See Dolphins, black. 



