INDEX. 



477 



Ivan Wasiljewitsch I., subdues the Great Novgo- 

 rod, 191. 



, becomes head of the Greek orthodox Church 



and the first Czar, 192. 



, Chancellor's visit to him at Moscow, 336. 



Ivan Wasiljewitsch II., his conquest of Kasan, 192. 



, his surname of the Terrible, 192. 



Ivory, fossil, in the islands of New Siberia, 202. 



Iwalo river, in Lapland, Castren's journey on the, 

 169. 



.Takowlew famil}', 219. 



, their enormous wealtli in gold mines, 219. 



Jakuts, the, confirmed by the Czar in their posses- 

 sions, 199. 



, their snares and traps, 213. 



, their energy and cunning, 228. 



■ , their language, origin, character, and person- 

 al appearance, 228. 



, their summer and winter huts, 229. 



, their horses, 230. 



J their powers of endurance and sharpness of 



vision, 230. 



, their manufactures and articles of dress, 231. 



, their gluttony, 231. 



, the universal carriers to the east of the Lena, 



231. 



, their superstitions, 232. 



, their offerings of horsehair to the spirit of the 



mountains, 232. 



, their songs, 232. 



, wretched condition of the river, 252. 



.Jakutsk, mean temperature of, in summer and win- 

 ter, 27. 



, extreme cold of, 208. 



, gloomy appearance of the town, 233. 



, trade of, 233. 



•Ian Meyen, description of, 146. 

 Jelly, made from the horns and claws of the rein- 

 deer, 37. 

 Jelly-fish {Pleurohraclda pikus) in the sea of Kara, 



151. 

 Jenissei river, Castren's journey to the, 176. 

 .Jeniseisk, Castren's visit to, 177. 



, the ostrog of, founded, 195. 



Jyrfalcon {Falco gijrfako), its head-quarters in Ice- 

 land, 85. 



, former trade in the, 85. 



Jilibeambaertje, or Num, the Supreme Being of the 



Samoiedes, 179. 

 "John, Gentleman," the English pirate, 118. 

 John's, St., capital of Newfoundland, 378. 

 Jtikuls, or ice-mountains of Iceland, 68. 

 Jokulsa i Axarfirdi river, in Iceland, 78. 

 Jokulsa river, in Iceland, 78. 

 Jones's Sound, discovery of the entrance to, 343. 

 Jukahires, chief resource of those of the Aniuj, 



237. 

 , Jelissei Busa's residence among the, 195, 



Kadiak, island of, discovery of the, 202. 

 Kaiak, island of, landing of Stella on the, 249. 

 "Kalewala," Castren's Swedish translation of the, 



170. 

 Kamchatka, subjugation of, by the Russians, 198. 

 , cruelty of the conquerors, 198. 



Kamchatka, Steller's scientific journey to, 248. 



, its climate and fertility, 254. 



, abundance of fish in the rivers, 255. 



, bird-catchers of, 255. 



, population, 255. 



, mountain chain and volcanoes, 256. 



, climate and mineral springs, 256. 



, harbors and population, 256. 



, healthiness of the people, 257. 



, their food, 258. 



, their animals, 258, 2G0. 



, character of the people, 260, 261. 



Kane, Dr., his Arctic voyages, 365. 



, his account of his first winter in Rensselaer 



Bay, 365. 



, his description of the Polar night, 3G6. 



, his sledge journey along the coast of Green- 

 land, 367. 



, his illness on the voyage and recovery, 368. 



, resolves to winter a second time in Rensselaer 



Bay, 369. 



, departure and return of part of his crew, 369, 



370. 



, sufferings of his party, 371. 



, abandonment of his ship, and boat journey to 



Upernavik, 371. 



, his return to New York, and death, 372. 



Kara Gate, reached by Stephen Burrough, 336. 



Kara, Sea of, 147. 



, expeditions to the, 147. 



Kasan, Russian conquest of, 192. 



Kellett, Captain, his search for Franklin, 359. 



Kendall, Lieut., his voyage to the Coppermine 

 river, 349. 



, his account of Deception Island, 393. 



Kennedy, William, his searcli for Franklin, 358. 



, his sledge journey with Bellot, 359. 



Kennedy Channel, Dr. Hayes's sledge journey 

 across, 368. 



, his voyage across, 373. 



Kerguelen Land, climate of, 393. 



Khipsack, destruction of the empire of the Khans 

 of, 191. 



King, Captain, his survey of the Magellan Strait, 

 415. 



King William's Island, coast of, traced by Mr. 

 Thomas Simpson, 356. 



Klofa jokul, extent of the, 69. 



Knight, John, his melancholy Arctic voyage, 341. 



, murdered by the Esquimaux, 342. 



Koldewev, Captain, his journey towards the North 

 Pole, .374. 



Kolwa, Castren's visit to, 174. 



Kolyma river, inundations of the, 237. 



Kolymsk, Nishnei, foundation of the town of, 197. 



, Wrangell's visit to, 234. 



, situation and climate of, 234. 



, vegetable and animal life, 235. 



, population of the district, 236. 



, dwellings of the Russian residents, 236. 



, mode of life of the natives, 236, 237. 



, their dogs, 236, 237. 



, berry-gathering in the district, 238. 



, famine of the people, 238. 



, social parties at, 238. 



Koriaks, the, confirmed by the Czar in their pos- 

 sessions, 199. ' 



Koronnoie Filippowskoi, Von MiddendorfTs journey 

 to, 221. 



Kostin Schar, visit of Von Baer to, 152. 



, storm in, 152. 



