INDEX. 



479 



Magero, island of, r29. 



Magicians of the Samo'iedes, 180, 181. 



Malewinskv, Lieutenant, his gold mine of Olginsk, 



218. 

 Maelstrom, the, 126. 

 Mammoth, fossil remains of the, in New Siberia, 



202. 

 Man, his difficulty in establishing a footing in the 



Arctic regions, 17. 

 , liow he is able to stand the rigors of an Arc- 

 tic winter, 28. 

 Maps of the Esquimaux, 302. 

 Mariinsk, station of, built by the Russians, 196. 



— , gold mine of, 217. 



Marshes of Newfoundland, 377. 

 Marten, pine {Martes abietum'), the, 316. 



, value of the fur of the, 316. 



Mary Minturn river, flowers of, 20. 



Matiuschkin, his sledge journev over the Polar Sea, 



241. 

 Matoschkin Schar, visits to, 147-152. 

 Matthew, St., island of, inhospitable character of 



the, 271. 

 Matthew's Straits, visited by Rosmysslow, Pach- 



tussow, and Herr von Baer, 147-152. 

 McClintock, Lieut, (now Sir Leopold), his search 



for Franklin, 360. 

 , his voj'age in the " Fox," and discovery of 



the fate of Franklin and his companions, 362-364. 

 McClure, Captain, his search for Franklin, 359-361. 



, his discovery of the north-west passage, 360. 



Mecham, Lieut, his search for Franklin, 360. 

 Mediterranean, dried codfish sent to the, 129. 

 MedusiB, enormous numbers of, in the Polar world, 



59. 



, in the seas off Spitzbergen, 133. 



Melville Ba}', enormous glaciers of, 49, 50. 



Melville Island, discovery of, 345. 



Mentschikoff, Prince, his exile and death in Siberia, 



205. 

 , his son restored to the honors of his house, 



205. 

 Mercy Bay, discovery of, 361. 

 Merc}', liarbor of, 412. 

 Middendorft", Von, his adventures in Taimurland, 



220. 



, his visit to the Chatanga river, 221. 



, his journey down the Taimur river to the 



Polar Sea, 221-223. 



, his return journey and illness, 223-225. 



, gratitude of the Samoi'edes, 224. 



, his obser%'ations on the climate and natural 



productions of Taimurland, 225. 

 Midnight, silence of, in Spitzbergen, 135. 

 Milk of the reindeer, 36. 

 Minerals of Iceland, 88. 

 Mink (^Vison Americanns), value of the fur of the, 



316. 

 Misery, Mount, 145. 

 Mollusca, small, of the Polar Seas, 59. 

 Moonlight nights in the Arctic regions, 32, 33. 

 Morse. See Walrus. 

 Morton, one of Dr. Kane's crew, his illness, 368. 



, his discover}' of Washington Land, 369. 



Mosquitoes of Nishne-Kolymsk, 235. 

 Mosses, dingy, of the " barren grounds," 18." 



of Nova Zembla, 153. 



of the Pribilow Islands, 270, 271. 



Mourawieff, Count Nicholas, his annexation of the 



Amoor, 196. 

 Mouse, field, of Spitzbergen, 137. 



Muchamor, the fungus, used as food by the Kam- 



chatkans, 258. 

 Mud-springs, boiling, of Iceland, 70. 

 Munich, Marshal, his exile to Siberia, 205. 



, his return and subsequent life, 206. 



Munk, Jens, his voyages, 343. 



Munkliolm, castle of, 124. 



Murderers, treatment of, in Russia, 206. 



Muscovy Company, its endeavors to discover a 



north-east passage to India, 336. 

 Musk-ox {Ovibos moschatus), description of the, 40. 



, its former and present habitat, 40, 41. 



Musquash, musk-rat, or ondatra {Fiber zibethicus). 



317. 



, villages, 318. 



, modes of catching the animal, 318. 



, value of the fur of the, 318. 



Mussels on the coast of Greenland, 59. 

 Mvvatn, ducks of the, 84. 



N. 



Naddodk, the Norwegian pirate, his discoveiy of 



Iceland, 89. 

 Namar, or boiling mud-springs of Iceland, 70. 

 Narborough, Sir John, his chart of the Strait of 



Magellan, 414. 

 Narwhal, or sea-unicorn, domain of the, 60. 



, its tusk, 61. 



, Greenland fishery of the, 387. 



Narym, Castren's visit to, 175. 

 Necromanc\' of the Samoiedes, 180. 

 Nertschinsiv, treaty of, 196. 



, criminals at the mines of, 206. 



Ness, Castren's visit to the Samo'iede village of, 172. 

 Newfoundland, discovered and colonized bj' Green- 

 landers, 335. 



. its desolate appearance, 376. 



, its forests, marshes, and barrens, 376, 377. 



, its lakes and ponds, 377, 378. 



, its fur-bearing animals, 378. 



, its reindeer and wolves, 378. 



, its climate and inhabitants, ."78. 



, its capital, St. John's, 378, 379. 



, histor\' of the island, 379. 



, taken jiossession of by the English, 379. 



, right of the French and Americans to fish 



on the banks of, 379. 



, the French town of Placentia, 379. 



, the whole island ceded to England, 379. 



, importance of the cod-fisheries, 379. 



, the great banks of, 380. 



, account of the mode of fishing, 380. 



, fogs and storms, 380, 381. 



, seal-catching, 381. 



Newspapers of Iceland, 110. 



Night of a Polar winter, Kane's description of, 360. 



Nicolaj'evsk, station of, built I13' the Russians, 196. 



Noiba, gold-diggings on the, 216. 



Norfolk Bay, position and fur-trade of, 272. 



North-eastern route to India and China, Sebastian 



Cabot's idea of, 335. 



, attempts to discover it, 335-337. 



North Pole, the first attempt to sail across the, 342. 



, the plan first suggested by Thorne, 342. 



, Scoresby's near approach to the, 314. 



, Parry's boat and sledge journey towards the, 



350. 

 , Dr. Hayes's opinion as to the practicability 



of reaching the, across Kennedy Channel. 374. 



