CONTENTS. xiii 



CHAPTER XXXVII. 



THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN. 



Comparative View of the Antarctic and Arctic Regions.— Inferioritj- of Climate of the former.— Its 

 Causes.— The New Shetland Islands.— South Georgia.— The Peruvian Stream.— Sea-birds.— The Gi- 

 ant Petrel.— Tiie Albatross.— The Penguin.— The Austral Whale.— The Hunchback.— Tlie Fin-back. 

 —The Grampus.— Battle with a Whale.— The Sea-elephant.— The Southern Sea-bear.- The Sea- 

 leopard.— Antarctic Fishes P^S*^ 391 



CHAPTER XXXV I IT. 



ANTARCTIC VOYAGF.S OF DISCOVF.RY. 



Cook's Discoveries in the Antarctic Ocean.— Bellinghausen.—Weddell — Biscoe.- Balleny.— Dumont 

 d'Urville.— Wilkes.- Sir James Ross crosses the Antarctic Circle ou New Year's Day, 18-11.— Dis- 

 covers Victoria Land.— Dangerous Landing on Franklin Island.— An Eruption of Mount Erebus.— 

 The Great Ice Barrier.— Providential Escape.— Dreadful Gale.- Collision.— Hazardous Passage be- 

 tween two Icebergs. — Termination of the Voyage 'I' 1 



CHAPTER XXXIX. 



THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN. 



Description of the Strait.— Western Entrance.— Point Dungeness.— The Narrows.— Saint Philip's Bay. 

 —Cape Froward.— Grand Scenery.— Port Famine.— 1 he Sedger River.— Darwin's Ascent of Mount 

 Tarn.— The Bachelor River.— English Reach.— Sea Reach.- South Desolation.— Harbor of Mercy. — 

 Williwaws.— Discovery of the Strait by Magellan (October 20, 1521).— Drake.— Sarmiento.— Cav- 

 endish.— Schouten and Le Maire.— Byron.— Bougainville.— Wallis and Carteret.- King and Fitz- 

 roy.— Settlement at Punta Arenas.— Increasing Passage through the Strait.— A future Highway of 

 Commerce ^^° 



CHAPTf:R XL. 



P.^TAGONI.\ AND TIIE PATAGONIANS. 



Difference of Climate between East and West Patagonia.— Extraordinary Aridity of East Patagonia.— 

 Zoology.— The Guanaco.— The Tncutuco. — The Patagonian Agouti.— Vultures. — The Turkey^buz- 

 zard.— The Carrancha.— The Chimango.— Darwin's Ostrich.~The Patagonians.— Exaggerated Ac- 

 counts of their Stature.— Their Physiognomy and Dress. — Religious Ideas.— Superstitions.— Astro- 

 nomical Knowledge.— Division into Tribes.— The Tent, or Toldo.— Trading Routes.— The great 

 Cacique. — Introduction of the Horse. — Industry. — Amusements. — Character -Hi" 



CHAPTER XLL 



THE FUEGIANS. 



Their miserable Condition. — Degradation «i Body and Mind.— Powers of Mimicry.— Notions of Barter. 

 —Causes of their low State of Cultivation. — Tiieir Food.— Limpets. — Cyttaria Daririni. —Const-dut 

 Migrations. — The Fuegian Wigwam.— Weapons.— Their probable Origin. — Their Number, and va- 

 rious Tribes.— Constant Feuds. — Cannibalism.— Language. — Adventures of Fucgia Basket, Jemmy 

 Button, and York Minster.— Missionary Labors.— Captain Gardiner.— His lamentable End 425 



CHAPTER XLII. 



CIIAKI.ES FR.\NCI.S HALL AND THE INNUITS. 



Hall's Expedition.- His early Life.— His reading of Arctic Adventure.— His Resolve.— His Arctic Out- 

 fit.— Sets sail on the "George Henry."— The Voyage.— Kudlago.—Holsteinborg, Greenland.— Pop- 

 ulation of Greenland.— Sails for Davis's Strait.— Character of the Innuits.— Wreck of the " Rescue." 

 — Ebierbing and Tookoolito.— Their Visit to England.— Hall's first Exploration.— European and In- 

 nuit Life in the Arctic Regions.— Building an Igloo.— Almost Starved.— Fight for Food with Dogs. 

 —Ebierbing arrives with a Seal.— How he caught it.— A Seal-feast.— The Innuits and Seals.— The 

 Polar Bear.— HoAv he teaches the Innuits to catch Seals.— At a Seal-hole.— Dogs as Seal-lninters.— 

 Dogs and Bears.— Dogs and Reindeers.— Innuits and AValruses.— More about Igloos.— Innuit Imple- 

 ments.— Uses of the Reindeer.— Innuit Improvidcnre.— A Door-fea.st.— A frozen Delicacy.— Whale- 

 skin as Food.— Whale-gum: -How to eat Wtiale Ligament.— Raw INIeat.— Tlio Dress of the Innuits. 



